全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Word下载.docx

1、you head downhill, and follow any H20 you find, you should 10 see signs of peopleIf youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 Climb high and look for signs of human habitat

2、ion. 13 even in densefores, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and otherpaths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At mightcan the horizon for 17 light sources such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glowof light poll

3、ution.18 , assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 weleave on the landscape. Trail blazes tire tracks. and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. ASome BMost C Few D All2. Aput Btake C run D come3. ASince BIf CThough D until 4. AFormally Brelatively C gradually

4、D literally5. A back Bnext C around D away6. A onto Boff Cacross D alone7. A unattractive Buncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar8.A site Bpoint Cway D place9. A So BYet CInstead D Besides lO. A immediately B intentionally C unexpectedly Deventually11. A surprised B annoyed C frightened Dconfused12. A pro

5、blem Boption Cview D result13. A Above all B In contrast COn average D For example14. Abridge B avoid Cspot D separate15. Aform Bthrough C beyond D Under16. A posts Blinks C shades Dbreaks17. A artificial B mysterious Chidden Dlimited18. A Finally BConsequently CIncidentally D Generally19. A memorie

6、s Bmarks Cnotes Dbelongings20. Arestrict Badopt C lead D exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET （40 points）Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unus

7、ual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year. any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk taking and to restore public trust in

8、 financial institution, Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies.says the

9、Bank of Englands top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a gaint of classicaleconomics, Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like Children whopick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for h

10、olding a stock in both the United States and Britain. he notes hasdropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demandhigh quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term researchor to build up customer loyalty. This has been

11、 dubbed quarterly capitalism”.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker useof information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. There seems to be apredominance of short- term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Comm

12、issionerDaniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to deferperformance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduceshort-termism. In its latest survey of CEO

13、pay The Wall street Journal finds thata substantial partof executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage long-termism, such as changes in the tax codeand quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a companyinvestment for at least t

14、wo years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives tothink beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders, Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in

15、their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is theA. enhance bankers sense of responsibilityB help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top

16、 executives22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governments impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD. short-termism in economic activities23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on publi

17、c companies can beA. indited B. adverse C. minimal D temporary24. The US and France examples and used to illustrateA. the obstacles to preventing short-termism.B. the significance or long term thinking.C. the approaches to promoting long-termism.D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25. Which of

18、the following would be the best title for the textA. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs （grade-point averages） over the pastfew decad

19、es-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in whichstudents are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force -a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called grade forgiveness- is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a c

20、ourse in which they received a low grade, andthe most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a studentsoverall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue todo their utmost to keep students in school （and payin

21、g tuition） and improve their gradation rates.When this practice fir started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them asecond chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-levelcourses. But now most colleges, save for many selective c

22、ampuses, allow all undergraduates, andeven graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the gradeitself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program andgradation with

23、out incurring a big penalty. Untimely. said Jack Mine, Ohio State Universityregistrar. we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better insubsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness

24、 satisfies colleges own needs as well. Forpublic institutions state finds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such asgraduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, meanmore money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students

25、who, at the end of the dayare paying the bill-feel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another bigconcern for colleges.Indeed grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumersexpectations for higher education. Since students and parents

26、expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to tum out gradates who are as qualified as possible-orat least appear to be. On this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of c

27、ourse catalogs.B. Students indifference to GPAS.C Colleges neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgivenessA. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain colleges graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging futur

28、e.D. To increase universities income from tuition.28. According to Paragraph 5. grade forgiveness enables collegesA. obtain more financial support.B. boost their student enrollments.C. improve their teaching quality.D. meet local governments needs.29. What does the phrase “to be aligned” （Line 5. Para. 6） most probably mean?A. To counterbalance each otherB. To complement each other.C. To be identical with each otherD. To be contradictory to each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness byA assessing it