09五年四川高考英语试题分析及考前准备之介词与情态动词汇总Word格式.docx

1、Shut the door after you.请随手关门。There is a book on the desk.桌上有本书。2、在某些结构中，介词可以放在句尾。（1）在介词whom/which/what/whose结构位于句首的疑问句中，介词常可放在句尾。Which school do you study in?你在哪所学校上学？（2）定语从句位于that/whom/which之前的介词也可放在句尾。在这种情况下，关系代词可以省略。但介词不可放在that前面，而必须放在句尾，that可省略。He is the man（whom/that） I once talked with.=He is

2、 the man with whom I once talked.他是那位我曾与之谈话的人。（3）某些wh-词引导的句性从句中，关系代词为介词宾语位于从句句首时，介词应后置。I wondered whose house he was in.我想知道他在谁的房子里。（4）动词不定式作状语，需要介词与句中主语构成介宾关系时，介词应后置。The man is easy to get along/on with.这人很容易相处。（5）动词不定式作定语，需要介词同动词不定式所修饰的名词构成介宾关系时，介词应后置。The old man has no chair to sit on.那老人没张椅子可坐。3

3、、在某些（不及物）动词+介词结构中，介词紧跟动词之后。在这种结构中，宾语不可放在动词或介词之间，只能放在介词后面。I cant go with you, because I must stay at home to take care of my sick mother.我不能跟你一起去，因为我必须在家照顾我生病的母亲。The thief broke into the house and stole a lot of money.那小偷闯进那房子偷了很多钱。三、介词的语法功能介词与其他词类或成分结合，方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语（须后置）、状语、表语、宾语补足语等

4、。1、作定语。He bought a house of three rooms.他买了一间有三个房间的房子。试比较形容词作定语与介词短语作定语的区别：an interesting book 一本有趣的书（interesting修饰book）a book on the desk 桌子上的书（on the desk介词短语须后置修饰前面的book）介词短语作定语时，一律后置。2、作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句。classes begin at eight.八点钟开始上课。（at eight修饰动词begin）Jane looks young for her age.珍妮看来比她的实际年龄年轻

5、。（for her age修饰形容词young）试比较副词作状语与介词短语作状语的区别：stand there站在那里（there副词作stand状语）stand on the hill站在山上（on the hill介词短语作stand状语）3、作表语。He is in danger.他处于危险之中。4、作宾语补足语。Make yourself at home.放松一些，就像在你自己家一样。We made him out of danger.我们使他脱离了危险。 丽莎工作室 扣扣3683237四、一些容易混淆的介词1、表示时间的at,on,in的用法区别。（1）at的用法：在某具体时刻之前。

6、at seven oclock, at 7:30（seven thirty）; at half past eleven, at nine fifteen, at ten thirty a.m., at a quarter to two, etc.在固定的短语中，如：at noon, at night, at that time, at the age of, at the weekend, at Christmas, at dawn, at daybreak, at midnight, etc.（2）on用来表示“在天”。On Monday, On May 1st,On Childrens D

7、ay,on October the first 1949, on New Years Day, on my birthday, etc.（3）in的用法：在某年、某月、某季节。in 2006,in March, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,in July 1983,in the fist week of this semester, in the third week, in the eighteenth century, in ancient times, in modern times, etc.在一段时间之后。in two hours, in a few

8、 days, etc.纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时，用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。on Monday morning, on the morning of Childrens Day, etc.2、表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别。（1）at通常指小地方，in一般指大地方。at the station在车站 in New York在纽约I live in a great city（big city）, my sister lives at a small while my parents live at a

9、 village.我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。（2）in指在内部，on指“在之上”。in the yard在园子里 in the room在房间里on the box在盒子上 on her head在她头上3、表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别。for后面接时间段，since之后接时间点。We walked for two hours.我们走了两个小时。I havent written home since Christmas.自圣诞节以来，我未曾写信回家。4、表示时间的before与by的用法区别before与by都可表示“在之前”，但by含有“不迟

10、于”、“到为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间，则与将来完成时连用，若by后是过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。She ought to be here by now.现在她应该来了。Will you please finish the work by Friday?你在星期一之前完成这份工作好吗？5、over与above（under与below）的区别。over,above都表示“在的上面”，over表示“正上方”，而above只表示“在上方”但不一定是“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”，over还可表示“越过”。over的反义词是under, above的反义词是below。

11、He held his umbrella over me.他把伞遮在我的头上。I saw the moon above the roof.我看到月亮在屋顶上方。6、表示“用”的with,by,in的用法。with多指用工具，用身体的部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某种语言。see with ones own eyes 亲眼看见 go there by bike骑自行车去那儿say out in English用英语说出 cut with a knife用刀切The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.这位教师正用一枝新笔

12、批改论文。I really cant express my idea in English freely indeed.我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。（表示某种语言用in）The length is measured in meter, kilometer, and centimeter.长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。（表示度、量、衡单位的用in）7、介词besides,except,but的用法和区别。（1）besides除之外（还有）。There were another three professors besides me.除我之外，还有三位教授。（2）except除以外

13、；除之外，强调从整体中排除某一部分。except后除了名词和代词外，还可与动词，介词短语和连词等引导的从句连用。Im free every day except today.除了今天我每天都有时间。（every day是时间的整体，today就是这个整体中的例外）This composition was well written except for some spelling mistakes.这篇作文除了一些拼写错误之外，写得很好。（except for指非同类事物间的排除）I know nothing about him except that he is an American.除了知

14、道他是美国人外，我对他一无所知。I know nothing about it except what I read in the newspapers.除了我在报纸中看到的之外我对这件事一无所知。He goes to school by bike except when it rains.He goes to school by bike except on rainy days.除了雨天外，他都骑自行车去上学。（3）除了，除之外，与no, nobody, nothing, all, anywhere等连用时，except强调所除外的事物/人，而but则将重点置于其他事物/人。Nobody

15、knew her name but me.除我之外，没有人知道她的名字。I have no choice but to wait.我别无选择只能等待。I have nothing to do except/but wait for him.我没有办法只好等他。All except/but one were here just now.除了一个人外，刚才所有的人都在这儿。8、介词across和through的用法和区别。across横过、越过，表示从一定范围的一边到另一边。across的含义与on有关。表示动作是在某一事物的表面进行的。而through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在某一事物的空间

16、内部进行的。How long will it take to swim across the river?游过这条河需多久？It took them three hours to walk though the forest.他们花了三小时穿过那森林。The Yangtze River flows through the city from west to east.长江由西向东流过这座城市。9、介词的省略。表示时间的介词at,on,in的省略。（1）在next,last,this,these,today,yesterday,tomorrow,one,every,each,all等词前，一般不

17、用at,in,on。last night昨晚 next year明年（2）在某些名词词组前，可以省略（也可不省）。（on）that day在那天 （in）the year before last在去年六、介词习语归纳1、由介词at构成的习语。at best 最多 at all costs不惜一切代价at a great cost花了很大代价 at breakfast早餐时at school在学校 at home在家里；随便at work在工作 at the same time同时at last最后 at once立刻，马上at first最初，开始时 at first thought乍一想at

18、 first sight乍一看 at heart在内心里at least至少 at most至多at latest最迟 at a time一次，每次at one time曾经，一度 at will任意地at the rate/speed of以的速度 at full speed全速at a high speed高速 at a good price高价at any price无论如何 at a low cost低成本at the moment此刻 at any moment随时at that time在当时 at no time决不at all times一直 at times有时at suns

19、et日落时 at daybreak日出时at dawn拂晓时 at dark天黑时at all events不管怎样 at peace处于和平状态at war处于交战状态 at play在玩耍at present现在，目前 at the risk of早的危险at ease自由自在，安逸 at hand在手边；即将到来at a loss困惑，不知如何是好 at ones service听吩咐，供使用2、由介词by构成的习语。by accident 偶然 by birth出身by bus乘公共汽车 by any chance万一，碰巧by chance偶然 by far到目前为止by force

20、强迫地；用暴力 by all means用一切办法by no means决不 by means of借助by cheque用支票 by day白天by night夜间 by hand用手工by nature生来 by heart用心地by name凭名字 by mistake错误地by now到如今 by telephone用电话by oneself单独、独立 by twos成双的3、由介词for构成的习语。for certain肯定地，确切的 for ever永远for example例如 for ages很长时间for fear of/that惟恐，害怕 for good永久地for lo

21、ng长久地 for instance例如for nothing免费；徒劳 for sale待售for hire出租 for pleasure为了好玩for short简称 for sure肯定地，确切地4、由介词in构成的习语。in all总计 in advance事先，提前in the meantime与此同时 in place适当地in hopes of（或in the hope of ）怀着希望in connection with和有关 in contact with和联系in addition此外 in addition to除以外in any case不管怎样 in case如果，万

22、一，以防in conflict with和冲突 in force有效的，大批in depth彻底地 in regard to关于in demand有需求 in effect有效in fact实际上 in pencil用铅笔写in ink用钢笔写 in hand在手头in no time很快 in order有序地in person亲自地 in order to/that以便，为了in practice实际上 in the course of在的过程中in the middle of在中间 in time及时地in turn轮流 in a way在某种程度上in the least一点，丝毫 i

23、n the long run从长远来看in ones opinion在看来 in word口头上in a word总而言之 in vain无益地，白白地in brief简言之 in short总之in detail详细地 in conclusion总之in other words换句话说 in the name of以名义in doubt怀疑 in love恋爱中in debt负债 in fun（joke）玩笑地in wonder在惊奇中 in public（secret）公开地（秘密地）in private私下地 in a good humour心情（情绪）好in a sense在某种意义上

24、 in terms of就来说in the end最后 in exchange for作为的回报in return for作为的报答 in reward for作为的报酬in preparation for为作准备 in answer to回答in reply to 作为对的回答 in general一般说来，总体上in the daytime在白天 in favor of赞同，有利于in front of在的前面 in face of在的面前，面对 in view of考虑到，鉴于 in memory of纪念in place of代替 in praise of 称赞in search of

25、寻找，搜寻 in honor of纪念，祝贺in need of需要 in case of倘若，万一in possession of拥有 in sight of看见in support of支持，拥护 in charge of主管，负责in the charge of在掌管下 in control of控制，掌握in danger（of）处于（的）危险中in spite of尽管 in behalf of为了的利益5、介词on 构成的习语on account of因为，由于 on no account绝不，绝对不on（the） average平均地 on board在船上on conditio

26、n that如果 on this condition在此条件下on no condition决不 on demand在要求支付时on duty值班 on exhibition展出on foot步行 on guard有警惕on holiday休假 on purpose故意地on the telephone在电话里 on earth在世上；究竟on fire着火 on good terms和睦on hand在手头，即将发生 on leave休假on ones own独立地 on sale在出售on the contrary相反地 on the point of正要之际on time准时 on th

27、e whole大体上on the way在路上 on top of在上面6、由介词out of构成的习语out of control失去控制 out of date过时out of breath气喘吁吁 out of danger脱离危险out of fashion不时兴 out of hand失去控制out of kindness出于同情 out of pain没有疼痛out of pity出于同情 out of place不合适out of order坏了 out of patience失去耐心out of repair损坏了 out of shape变形out of sight看不见了 out of step不合拍out of the question不可能