虚拟语气教案Word下载.docx

1、（事实上我不是你）If she had time, she would （could, might） help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）2.表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should （would, could, might） have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt（couldnt） have fai

2、led in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。If it should rain, the crops would （could, might） be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。- What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?- It would burn.-我若把只放在火上会怎么样？-纸会烧着。注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。If you were to go to Be

3、ijing, you would （could, might） have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.4主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 （混合条件句虚拟）有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。If I were you, I would have gone to h

4、er birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。5条件从句中省去if的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if，将had, were或should提至句首。

5、a）Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with themlast night. 假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。b）Were I a bird, I could fly freely.假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。c）Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。6. 含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况；1）.

6、条件暗含在短语中。（1） What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？（条件暗含在分词短语without you中）（2） It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。（条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中）（3） This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。（条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中）（4） But for you

7、r help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）（5） He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。（暗含条件是连词or）（6） Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。（暗含条件是alo

8、ne）2）. 条件暗含在上下文中。（7） You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。（可能暗含if you wanted to）（8） We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。（可能暗含if we had kept trying）（9） Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。（可能暗含if you should accept it）（10） I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。（可能暗含if you were so

9、kind as to give me a little of your time）3）. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。（11） You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。（12） I would like to come. 我愿意来。（13） I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。（14） He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。4）

10、. 注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise, or, without, but for）、上下文或其它方式来表示。 We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. But for your help, I would not have succeeded.5）. 有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：1. I could help you.

11、（只有主句）2. If I had time. （只有从句）3. She should have come to the meeting. （只有主句）4. If he had much more money. （只有从句）7. 其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气1）、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）Without your help, I couldn t finish my work on time.In the absence o

12、f water and air, nothing could live. 2）、由“providing （that）/ provided （that）/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.3）、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示要不是、如果没有，表示条件虚拟句：（1）. Without air, nothing coul

13、d live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。（2）. But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。（3）. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句1、“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”，“就好了”，“悔不该”，“但愿”等。 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would （could）+动词原形”表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”或“（

14、could） would +have+过去分词”。例如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.2、虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest，decree, decide, object, pray, prefer, recommend, urge, vote,

15、 ask等后面的宾语从句中用“（should） +动词原形”。 例如： We suggested that we （should） have a meeting. We insisted that they （should） go with us. The doctor ordered that she （should） stay in bed for a few days.注意：insisted作“力言”、“强调”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持（认为），”“坚持（应该）”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。Mike insisted that he had never stol

16、en anything.3. would rather， would sooner，had rather， would （just） as soon，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气would rather , would sooner, had rather, would （just） as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或对过去做的事的懊悔。（1）.I would rather he came tomorrow than to

17、day.（2）.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.（3）.Don t live in the world, I would rather（ I would just as soon） you die.（4）.I would rather you go tomorrow.（5）.I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past.（6）.The manager would rather his daughter did not wor

18、k in the same office经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。（7）.To be frank，Id rather you were not involved in the case坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。（8）.You dont have to be in such a hurryI would rather you went on business first你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。（9）.Id rather you didnt make any comment on the issue for the time being我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事

19、发表意见。（10）.Frankly speaking ，Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。（11）.Wouldnt you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？（12）.I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形I would rather stay

20、 at home todaywould ratherthan中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today4.“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。三、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从

21、句advice, command, decision, demand, desire, idea, instruction, insistence, motion, necessity, order, plan, policy, pray, preference, propose, recommendation, regulation, request, requirement, resolution, rule, suggestion四、虚拟语气用于主语从句1、某些动词的过去分词：advised, arranged, commanded, decided, demanded, desired

22、, insisted, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, urged等2、由上述动词派生的形容词：advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent等3、其他一类表示建议、要求、意志、情感的形容词：appropriate, best, better, compulsory, crucial, essential, good, imperative, important, keen, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable,

23、proper, strange, vital等4、It is a pity/ shame/no wonder/ ones wish+ that从名结构中。五、特殊用法1、在倒装的让步从句中，通常只用be型，动词置于句首。Be it ever so homely, home is home. Be it rainy or sunny, I will go out. 在“开放式条件句”（open conditional clause）和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。、If any person be guilty of a crim

24、e, the court shall have the right to appeal. （任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. （不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.、_ , I will take he

25、r as my wife.AWere she rich or poorBBeing rich or poorCBe she poor or richDWhether is she poor or rich 2. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。（1） .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯

26、独他要对发生的一切负责。（2）. He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事来好象是个电视专家。（3）.Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。（4）.John pretends as if he didn t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）（5）. He pretends as if he didnt know the thing at all,

27、 but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。 2. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。（1）.The tree looked as if it _ for a long time.A. hasnt watered B. didnt water C. hadnt bee watered D. wasnt watered那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。（答案是c）（2）.The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though

28、 he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）（3）. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。3.表示与将来事实相反:（1）.They talked and talked as if they would never meet again （would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反）（2）. They t

29、alked and talked as if they would never meet again.（would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反）他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.He looks as if he is going to be ill.第二节：虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should 动词原形构成，should也可省略。、He wa

30、s punished lest he should make the same mistake again他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。、The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.a. injureb. injured c. had injured. would injure这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。（答案是a） 3. 介词短语表示虚拟有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如but for, but that, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设。1）.He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed.