代词讲解及练习Word文档格式.docx

1、2. 在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.2） 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.3） 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。e.g. He and she still dont agree to the plan.二 物主代词（表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。）英语中主要有下列这些物主代词：类型我的你的他（她，它）

2、的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisitsourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshersourstheirs【注】1. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.2. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive

3、 already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作宾语）3. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is always breaking down.三 自（反）身代词我（们）自己你（们）自己他（们）自己她（们）自己它（们）自己myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselves themselves【注】1这些词可用来：1）作宾语：I cant express myself in

4、 English.2）作表语：I am not quite myself these days. 3）作主语或宾语的同位语：The theory itself is all right.在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。2反身代词的一些固定搭配：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help o

5、neself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己 say to oneself 自言自语 lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于之中leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth. 给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己四、相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should

6、learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语） The students corrected each others mistakes in their homework. （作定语）五 指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 【注】1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和th

7、ose则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复

8、提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?六、疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that?W

9、hose umbrella is this? （作定语） Whom are you waiting for?七、关系代词：关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词，常用在宾语从句中。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money

10、that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?八、连接代词：疑问代词都可以用作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。e.g. It is not decided who will hold the meeting?Do you know whose pen it is?The question is whom I should trust.【注】1、代词what有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思。What （

11、the thing which） she lacks is experience.We should never pretend to know what we dont know. （这里常出现that这个迷惑项。2、who（m）, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和前面所提到的疑问代词一样，引导主从或宾从。（也就是whatever, whichever, whoever的用法）Whatever he did was right.Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.九、不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有

12、：some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词（复数）。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任

13、何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词（复数）。If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 【注意】与some, any结合的词如

14、something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2. none, no one, nothing的用法区别（1）none即可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指，常用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句；no one只能指人，而且只能是泛指概念，常来回答who引导的疑问句；nothing侧重于物，常用来回答what引导的疑问句。-How many people are there in the room?- None. （问学生）Who is in the

15、 room?- No one./nobody.（2） none后面可加of引导的介词短语，而something, anything, everything, nothing, someone.却不能。（3）none后面的谓语用什么？单数还是复数。答：none做主语时，如果侧重所有人的情况，动词多用复数，如果侧重每个人的情况，动词用单数。None of us are perfect.我们都不是完人。None of us has got a bike. 我们谁都没有自行车。2 each 和every的区别Each：1）可单独使用，2）可做代名词、形容词，3）着重“个别”， 4）用于两者或两者以上中

16、的每一个人或物。Every：1）不可单独使用，2）仅作形容词，3）着重“全体”，毫无例外，4）用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour.Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.注意：（1）each强调个体，every强调“全体”。不可用

17、not each来表示部分否定，而not every表示部分否定。Every man is not honest.Not every man is honest.（2）every还可以表示“每隔的；每中的”every year or two每一两年every other day每隔一天one car to every 20 people每20人承1辆车。3 another, other, the other, others, the others的用法代名词形容词another另一个others别人，其他人another （boy）另一个（男孩）other （boys）其他男孩the othe

18、rthe others其余那些人、物the other （boy）另一个男孩the other （boys）其余那些男孩【注】1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books?I havent any other books except this one.2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , t

19、he other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 We got hom

20、e by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6）another也可以作代词用，

21、表示“另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4 全部否定和部分否定（1）All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名词都表示全部肯定，no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany（其实是我们接触过最简单的句型） 和no +名词都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在他们之前还是之后都表示部分否定；e.g. Both of them havent read this s

22、tory. （not在后） Only one of them has read this story.他们两人并没有都看过这个故事。All bamboo doesnt grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都长得高。全部否定的例子：all of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。（2）总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。如：Su

23、ch a thing cant be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。（部分否定）Such a thing can be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。（全否）*【提示】完成以下练习。一. 代词填空 1. This is not _ desk. My desk is over there.2. Can you spell _ name, Harry? Sorry.3. Tom and Jack are brothers. The room is _.4. We are in the same class. _ classroom is very n

24、ice.5. Mrs Green is my teacher. Im a student of _.6. Thats a cat. _ name is Mimi.7. Tom is in the room. This pencil-box is _.8. Sam and Peter, look at _ hands. They are so dirty.9. Mike, is this picture _? Yes, it is.10. Can we put _ coats here? Yes, you can.二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 1. I cant find _ sa

25、ndwiches. Can I have one of _ ?2. Tell Tom not to forget _ book. And you mustnt forget _ .3. George has lost _ pen. Ask Mary if she will lend him _ .4. We are having _ dinner; are they having _ ?5. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ that she lent you.6. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of

26、 _ are coming to see us.三、单项选择。1. By the way, who will teach _pop music next term? A. us B. Our C. ours D. we2. Both Pingping and Beibei have done _homework. A. his B. Her C. their D. boths3. Everybody is here, _? A. isnt everybody B. isnt it C. isnt he D. arent they4. It was _ who wrote those words

27、 on the blackboard. A. he B. Him C. himself D. his5. He wants nothing but a house of _. A. his own B. himself c. his father D. his own house6. Can you express _ in English? A. yourself B. You C. yours D.yours7. One of them hasnt got _ lessons prepared. A. her B. Its C. ones D. his8. You dont look qu

28、ite _ today. Whats the matter with you? A. you B. Your C. your own D. yourself9. Though _ is a long way from here, well do our best to reach there in time. A. there B. it C. its D. itself10. We dont consider _ necessary for them to move into that house. A. that B. This C. it D. them11. _ is a great and glorious country. A. Our B. Ours C. Its D. Ours12. He parents are going on a study trip with a friend of _. A. them B. Their C. themselves D. theirs13. Im sorry to say _ of your answers are correct. A. none B. Neither C. both D. any14. - Who is that knocking at the door? -