学生版名词性从句文档格式.docx

1、wh-类连接词除起连接作用外，还在从句中作成分。连接代词主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词在从句中作状语。4. It + 谓语+ 主语从句有时主语从句放在句首，句子显得笨重，常把主语从句移到句末，用it作形式主语。常用的句型有以下四种：（1）It+系动词+形容词+that/wh-从句常用于这种句型的形容词有：good, important, likely, unlikely, possible, clear, necessary, true, wrong, natural, strange。（2）It +系动词+名词+that/wh-从句常用于这种句型的名词有：a fact, a goo

2、d idea, an honor, a mystery, a question, a pity, a shame, a pleasure, no wonder, common knowledge。（3）It +系动词+过去分词+that/wh-从句常用于这种句型的分词有：known, proved, said, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, remembered, thought, considered, well known, hoped, turned out, pointed out。（4）It+不及物动词+that/wh

3、-从句常用于这种句型的动词有：appear（似乎；好像）, happen, occur,（发生；想起来） seem（看起来似乎；好像）。注意：以上四种句型中前三种在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、责任、义务时，从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，翻译成“应该”，如表示的是过去的动作，要用“should+have+过去分词”形式。如果表示对现在事物的惊奇、遗憾、惋惜时也常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，翻译成“竟然；居然”。5. 主语从句应注意的几个问题（1）that引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，但在下列情况下that从句不可提前。在It

4、 is said/reported/believed/hoped that的结构中。含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时。在It+不及物动词+that的结构中。（2）下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。在It doesnt matter+what/whether/if/how结构中。（3）由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但是，在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对待取决于其成分的含义。主语从句分段练习题1. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences

5、 from one aspect.A. What B. That C. This D. Which2. _ the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known. A. / B. Whenever C. What D. That3. This painting is splendid, but _ we actually need it is a different matter. A. that B. what C. whether D. how4. _ his dream of going to college will come tru

6、e is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if5. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As6. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which7. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. Th

7、e one C. Whoever D. Who8. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when9. _ seemed obvious to everyone present at the meeting _ Tom was worried. A. That; that B. It; that C. That; what D. It; what10. It is a shame _ we lost that expensi

8、ve car. A. that B. when C. as D. if11. The Foreign Ministry said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is12. It is your own fault _ you are so tired. You oughtnt to have stayed up so late. A. when B. how C. where D. why13. It is known _ one

9、 and one makes two is correct. A. that that B. that what C. that why D. that all14. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires15. It suddenly _ to me that we can ask our neighbo

10、rs to help us. A. thought B. considered C. came D. occurred16. It is a pity that he _ so careless. A. was B. will be C. should be D. can be17. It is necessary that he _ the college entrance examination. A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend18. _ has been announced that we s

11、hall have our final exam next month. A. As B. It C. What D. That19. Does _ remain to be seen _ it will do us harm or good? A. that; that B. this; whether C. it; whether D. it; that20. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which21. What we need _ g

12、ood textbooks. A. is B. are C. have D. has22. What you said _ the matter we are discussing. A. have something to do at B. has something to do with C. had something to do with D. has been something to do with考点二、宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句称作宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的接接词大体一样，用法也一样，宾语从句可分为四类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句，非谓语动词的宾

13、语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 1. 动词的宾语从句 （1）that引导的宾语从句 that常用来引导宾语从句，在口语和非正式文体中that常省去。 Richard hopes （that） the teacher wont ask him a question. I believe （that） you are telling the truth.在ask, suggest, demand, desire, insist, order, command, propose, recommend, require等表示要求、愿望、命令、建议等意义的动词之后，that从句中常用“（should）+动词

14、原形”这种虚拟语气形式来表达。当主句谓语动词为feel, see, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think等表示“认为”、“猜想”、“估计”的意思时，其后的宾语从句如果带否定意义，通常应将否定词“not”前置于主句谓语上。补充：在一些否定句中，表面上看是否定了一个句子成分，但实际上却否定了另外的成分，即所谓的“否定的转移”现象。如果宾语从句后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将从句放到补语之后。在口语和非正式文体中，引导宾语从句的that常省去，但是如果有两个that引导的从句作宾语，第二个that通常不能省略，以免引起歧义。在由doubt, doubt

15、ful引导的宾语从句中，如果主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if；如果主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词常用that。（2）whether/if引导的宾语从句（直接引语与间接引语的转化）whether/if引导的宾语从句，虽然是由一般疑问句转化而来，但要用陈述语序。whether/if引导动词的宾语从句时，两者一般能互换，但在下列几种情况中，一般多用whether。whether引导的宾语从句置于句首时。如：Whether he is an expert, I dont mind.whether后紧跟or not，不能用if; whether与or not 分开，可用if

16、。They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student.I am wondering whether/if it is appropriate or not.discuss后的宾语从句。We are now discussing whether we should go swimming.后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?（3）wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句（直接引语与间接引语的转化）wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，但要用陈述语序。2. 作介词的宾语从句（1）介词后面

17、可以跟whether和wh-类连接词引导的从句。（2）that从句通常不能跟在介词后面作宾语，但可跟在带有形式宾语it之后作介词的真正宾语。这类词有see to, depend on, rely on, count on等。此外，在介词in, expect, besides和but之后可以跟that从句，但多被看作固定用法：in that （因为）；expect that （除了）；but that （要不是）。I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Tsinghua University.He would

18、 have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.（3） if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换。但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if。It is a question of whether we should go.It depends on whether he will agree with us. 3.作非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的宾语从句（1）从句作不定式的宾语。It is hard to say how long the operation will last.（2）从句作动名词的宾语

19、。On learning （that） Mr. Wang was seriously ill, the doctor went to see him at once.（3）从句作分词的宾语。Knowing （that） the patient was very weak, the nurse saw him home.4.作形容词的宾语从句某些表示感情色彩或表示动态的形容词或分词（如：afraid, amazed, annoyed, anxious, aware, certain, confident, conscious, disappointed, doubtful, glad, plea

20、sed, sure, surprised等）作表语时，后面可跟一个意义上相当于宾语的名词性从句。She was afraid that she would lose face.I am not certain whether he will go with us.Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year.5. 宾语从句的时态主句与从句时态一致的问题如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I know he lived in a city four y

21、ears ago.He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow.如果主句是过去范畴内的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么从句中一定要用过去范畴内的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。He said that he had seen the film.She said that she would come.We discussed whether we should let him off.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。My father told me

22、（that） Canada is on the north of America.He said Yao Ming is much taller than him.宾语从句分段练习题1. We were warned _ the journey would be dangerous.A. if B. whether C. how D. that2. It was several years _ I finally realized _ David had lied to me. A. when; that B. that; when C. before; that D. until; why3

23、. The leaders of the battle ordered _ all of us _ the work on time. A. if; finished B. that; finish C. whether; finished D. what; finished4. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey5. Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design

24、 a digital camera, _? A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she6. The worker consider _ important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. how B. it; whether C. this; if D. it; how7. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. what B. it C. this D. that8. He told

25、me he had got used to the life there and _ she was making progress. A. what B. / C. that D. if9. Can you doubt _ he will win? A. that B. whether C. if D. what10. We dont doubt _ hell give us much help. _ we doubt is _ hell come on time. A. whether; That; when B. that; What; whether C. whether; wheth

26、er D. that; Why;11. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what12. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which13. We cannot figure out _ quite a numbe

27、r of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when14. Would you tell me _ you want your tea, with sugar or milk? Sugar, please. A. whether B. when C. what D. how15. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. A. what B. which C. whom D. that

28、16. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for, A. what B. why C. how D. whether17. Will you see to _ that my children are taken good care of while I am away? A. them B. yourself C. me D. it18. Human beings are different from animals _ they can use language as a tool to commun

29、icate. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which19. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. A. what B. which C. why D. while20. Most of the university students are confident _ they can get a good job with higher pay. A. whether B. that C. where D. when21. I think father would like to know _ Ive been up to so fa