第七讲 时态.docx

1、第七讲 时态第七讲 Tenses时态【考点概况】I、 时态概述 态时一般进行：be+Ving完成Have/has+Ved现在一般现在时work(works)现在进行时am/is/are+working现在完成时Have/has worked 过去一般过去时worked过去进行时Was/were+working过去完成时had worked将来一般将来时will(shall)work将来进行时will(shall)+be+working将来完成时Will(shall) have worked过去将来过去将来时would(should)workII、时态综述及特殊用法一、常用一般现在时的情况： 1

2、.以Here或There开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。例如：Here comes the bus! There goes the bell! 2.既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。例如：The meeting starts at seven oclock. The train leaves at two this afternoon. 3.在see to it，make sure，make certain，be sure，look out，take care等之后的从句要用一般现在（过去、现在完成）时代替一般

3、将来（过去将来、将来完成）时。例如：You must make sure the light is closed before you leave the classroom. See to it that everything is OK. 4.在宾语从句中，表示客观事实或真理，一律用一般现在时。 例如：The teacher taught us yesterday that the earth circles the sun. Somebody told me that you are a dancer. 5.在由as soon as，when，before，after，till等引导的时

4、间状语从句和由if，unless，as long as，in case等引导的条件状语从句或在方式、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但主句用一般将来时。例如：If you come this afternoon，Well have a party. When you meet her，tell her to come to my office. 二、常用一般过去时的情况： 1.表示说话人始料未及的事情，用一般过去时。例如：I didnt know you were in China. How long have you been there? 2.在wish，would rather

5、的宾语从句中和在as if引导的状语从句中，以及在It is time that的定语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时说明现在的事情。 例如：Its time you had a vocation. He looks as if he were old. 3.用表示意愿及精神状态的动词，反映的是说话者探询的态度时，动词用一般过去时表示一般现在时，显得更加有礼貌。例如：I didnt know you were here.（我不知道你在这里，were实际上指现在） I wondered if you could help me. 4.在含有hardly/scarcelywhen，no soonert

6、han结构的句子中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。（注意：主句一般倒装）例如：Hardly had I entered the room，when I heard a loud noise. 三、常用现在进行时的情况： 1.若句中带有always，all the time，forever，constantly等词或短语，用进行时表示一个频繁发生的动作，表示说话人赞赏或厌恶等感情。例如：He is always forgetting some important things. She is constantly leaving her things behind. 2.某些词，如come

7、，go，leave，arrive，start等可用现在进行时表示将来。 例如：He is coming tomorrow. The professors are arriving in a few minutes. 四、常用过去进行时的情况： 1.表示故事发生的背景。例如：One day Mary was walking along the street. It was raining as they made their way to the front. 2.与always，forever，constantly，continually，frequently等词连用，表示过去经常发生的行为，

8、往往带有感情色彩。例如：My sister was always losing her key. We were frequently quarrelling. 五、常用现在完成时的情况： 1.被the first time，a few times，again and again等表示次数或重复的状语修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。例如：This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。2.定语从句的先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。例如：This is the best film that Ive

9、 ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。3.在某些时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。例如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my task. If it has stopped raining in the morning，well go to the park. 六、常用过去完成时的情况： 1.某些动词的过去完成时表示原先计划或打算做而没做的事情。常见的动词有mean，plan，think，suppose，want，intend等。例如：We had hoped that you would come, bu

10、t you didnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。I had planed to make a cake，but I ran out of time. 2.在条件状语从句中以及which或Id rather后的宾语从句中，常用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。例如：I would rather you had told him the truth. 七、常用一般将来时的情况： 1.表示一种倾向、固有特性或说话人推测的意见。例如：I think it will rain tomorrow. 2.在某些条件状语从句、时间状语从句中。例如：We shall go unless it r

11、ains. Shell help you if you ask her. 说明：有时用be about to+动词原形或be to +动词原形或be going to +动词原形表示将来时。1 be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to不能与tomorrow，next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2 be to +动词原形，按计划或正式安排将发生的事例如：We are to discuss the report next Sunday. 我们下星期日讨论这份报告。3 be

12、going to +动词原形，主语的意图，即将做某事；计划安排要发生的事；有迹象要发生的事。What are you going to do tomorrow？The play is going to be produced next month. 这出戏下月开拍。Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。注意：be going to/ will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will 表示意愿。 be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观打算或计划。【名师点

13、拨】 1.语态/主谓一致 not only .but also as well as neither nor either or together with the number of a number of large quantities of Why does the Lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water .(09 Fujian)A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been pollutedKey: D 2. 主将从现H

14、undreds of jobs _ if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose Key: B3 根据已知信息 确定正确时态 这种题通常没有时间状语。【高考真题】1. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is builtC. has been built D. is being built Key: D2. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space

15、.A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just staredKey: B 3. The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. A. has grown B. have grownC. grew D. are growingKey: A4 本以为 原以为的表达方式 I thought it was mine. I never expected it to be so good. I am sorry I took it for mine. Oh, John! You are still here. I thought you had gone back home.