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八年级英语上语法简版Word文档格式.docx

1、1. 单数可数名词,表示“一”的概念,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。eg:a book, a tree, a shark an octopus,an apple,an egg 2. 复数可数名词:在英语中,如果要表示“二、三、四,”概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。A. 名词复数的规则变化。a. 在一般情况下,词尾后加-s。books,cups,beds,boys,horses b. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,词尾加-es,读|iz| buses,boxes,dishes,watches c. 以f或fe结尾

2、的词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-es,读|vz| halfhalves,knifeknives d. 以o结尾的词,词尾加-es或-s。zoos,photos,radios,tomatoes,potatoes e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先将y改为i再加-es。cities,families,babies B. 名词复数的不规则变化。manmen,toothteeth,childchildren,sheepsheep C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes,trousers,pants,glasses 3. 不可数名词表示量的概念时,在这些词前加上数量词。a cup of coffee,

3、a piece of paper,three slices of bread II. 不定代词,我们所学的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little, either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,这些不定代词大都可以代 替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。一. some,any及其合成词的用法。1. 基本用法 some,any可与单、复数和不可数名词连用。some用于肯定句中,而不能用于疑问句中,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条

4、件句中。I have some interesting books. There is some yogurt in the bottle. I dont have any money. Were there any sharks in the aquarium?2. 特殊用法 在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。Would you like some more tea?二. all,both的用法 1. all代表或修饰四个以上的人或事物,或不可数的东西。We all like eat potato chips. All the

5、 students in our class went to the zoo. 2. both是指“两者都” The twins both have long hair. There are many trees on both sides of the street. 三. many,much,(a lot),a few,few,a little,little。这些词都可以表示数量,并且都可以修饰名词。1. many,a lot,a few,few修饰可数名词;much,a lot,a little,little修饰不可数名词。2. many,much,a lot,a few,a littl

6、e表示肯定的意思:few,little表示否定的意思。How much relish do we need?There are a few minutes left, arent there?There is a little time left, is there?III. 形容词的比较等级:英语中的形容词,在表示“比较”和“最”这样的概念时,要用特别的形式,称为比较级和最高级。原级 比较级 最高级 young(年轻) younger(比较年轻) youngest(最年轻) 一. 变化形式如下:1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加-er (比较级)

7、和-estist(最高级) 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只在词尾加-r(比较级)和-st(最高级) “辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,将词尾的y改为i,再加-er和-est 重读闭音节词,只有一个辅音字母结尾时,要双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est 部分双音节词和多音节词,在该词前面加more和the most构成比较级和最高级 tall高的(adj.) great巨大的(adj.) fast快(adj.& adv.) near附近的(adj. &nice好的(adj.) large大的(adj.) able有能力的(adj.) late晚,晚的(adj. &easy容

8、易的(adj.) busy忙的(adj.) early早(adj. &big大的(adj.) hot热的(adj.) thin细的,瘦的(adj.) important重要的(adj.) beautiful漂亮的(adj.) slowly慢(adv.) quickly快(adv.) teller greater faster nearer nicer larger abler later easier busier earlier bigger hotter thinner more important more beautiful more slowly more quickly the t

9、allest the greatest (the)fastest (the)nearest the nicest the largest the ablest (the)latest the easiest the busiest (the)earliest the biggest the hottest the thinnest the most important the most beautiful (the) most slowly (the) most quickly2. 不规则变化 good好的(adj.) well健康的(adj.) 好(adv.) bad坏的(adj.) ill

10、有病的(adj.) badly坏(adv.) many多(adj. &much多(adj. &far远(adj. &little少(adj. &old老的(adj.) late迟的,晚的(adj.) betterbet 较好的(地) worsew :s更坏(地) 更差(地) morem :更多的,更加 fartherfa: 较远 furtherf : 进一步 lessles较少的(地) older uld 较老的 eldereld 年长的 later较迟的,较近的 latterl t 后者 (the) bestbest最好的(地) (the) worstw :st最坏(地) 最糟(地) (th

11、e) mostm ust最多的(地) (the) farthestfa: ist最远的(地) (the) furthestf : ist最深远的(地) (the) leastli:st最少的(地) the oldest uldist最老的 the eldesteldist最年长的 the latest(时间上)最近的 the last(顺序)最后的 比较:elder和eldest主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,如:elder sister姐姐。older和oldest则用于表示年龄大小。They are in the same age, but Li looks much older th

12、an Ma. 他们两个在年龄上一般大,但看起来李比马老的多。二. 形容词比较等级的用法。形容词比较等级通常分为原形,比较级和最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:(1)as +原形+ as 表示“和相同”。(2)比较级+ than 表示“比较为”。(3)the +最高级+ of / in 表示“在中最为”。My dog is as old as that one. The jacket is as cheap as that old one. Is he as busy as before?Mary is funnier than Jane. His brother is

13、 younger than me. Tom is the happiest of us all. Spring is the best season of the year. 三. 需要注意的一些问题。1. 在形容词比较级前还可以用much,even,far,a lot,still,a little来修饰,表示“的多”,“甚至”,“仍然,还”,“更”,以加强语气。Our city is much more beautiful than yours. Japan is a little larger than Germany. 2. 表示“大几岁”,“高”等,句型用“表示数量的词+形容词比较级。

14、” Im two years older than you. She is a head taller than me. 3. 表示“越来越”,句型用“比较级+ and +比较级”。China is more and more beautiful. The earth is getting warmer and warmer. 4. 表示“是最之一”句型用“one of the +形容词最高级”。Beijing is one of the busiest cities in China. One of the most important languages is English. 【模拟试题

15、】(答题时间:80分钟) 一. 可数名词用a / an,不可数名词用some填空。举例:chair a chair (1)book (2)tree (3)fruit (4)paper (5)work (6)bread (7)cheese (8)news (9)information (10)music (11)petrol (12)air (13)water (14)meat (15)newspaper (16)egg (17)hour (18)problem (19)job (20)tomato (21)soup (22)money (23)fish(鱼肉) (24)sheep (25)is

16、land (26)airport (27)office (28)window (29)bank 二. 写出下列名词的复数形式 child children (1)noodle (2)tooth (3)man-doctor (4)foot (5)mouse (6)potato (7)photo (8)family (9)wolf (10)knife (11)woman (12)policeman (13)bed (14)grade (15)class (16)box (17)shelf (18)fish (19)sheep (20)deer (21)tomato (22)hero (23)ham

17、burger (24)clothes (25)trousers (26)shoe (27)wife (28)half (29)church (30)jacket (31)boot (32)sweater (33)blouse (34)shirt (35)necklace (36)dress (37)umbrella (38)watch (39)purse (40)city (41)monkey (42)boy三. 选词填空,完成下面的对话。Ben:Now, have we got(1)_ we need?Sam: Well, lets see. There are (2)_ onions an

18、d potatoes, but there arent (3)_ mushrooms and, of course, there isnt (4)_ minced beef. Are there (5)_ carrots?(6)_. But we dont need(7)_, so thats OK. How(8)_ milk is there?Only(9)_. And there isnt(10)_ butter, and we havent got(11)_ cheese. Well, we dont need much cheese. Is there(12)_ else? No, n

19、ot for Shepherds Pie. Weve got(13)_ salt and pepper, and theres(14)_ flour. Would you like me to help with the shopping?Yes, please. 四. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。good better best (1)bad (2)clean (3)dirty (4)big (5)small (6)ill (7)little (8)hard (9)happy (10)far (11)well (12)slow (13)easy (14)new (15)young (16

20、)rude (17)quiet (18)dry (19)cheap (20)ugly (21)busy (22)old (23)noisy (24)hot (25)cold (26)fast (27)many (28)wet (29)early (30)bright (31)boring (32)careful (33)quietly (34)expensive (35)difficult (36)interesting (37)beautiful 五. 观察下列表格,并回答问题。This table shows the price per pound of five vegetables t

21、hroughout the different seasons of the year. Find the information from the table and write your answer in the brackets. (1)In which season are carrots more expensive than cabbages?(2)Which is the most expensive vegetable in Autumn?(3)In which season are tomatoes more expensive than cabbages?(4)Which

22、 is the cheapest vegetable in Autumn?(5)In which season are two vegetables the same price?六. 用所给词的正确形式填空:1. Your room is very _. Its much _ than mine. Its _ of all.(big) 2. This coat is too _. (expensive)I dont have enough money to buy it. I can buy a _ one than it. Sorry, this one is _ one in the s

23、tore.(cheap) 3. Tom and Sam are _ at math than physics. And Tom is _ at English in our class.(good) 4. There are many _ places in Australia. You may go there to visit them on vocation. Thank you. But I think there are many _ places in Egypt. I want to go there. (beautiful) 5. Which unit is _ in Book

24、 2, do you think? Is Unit 12 _?(difficult) I dont think so. I think its a little _ than Unit 9. (easy) 七. 将下列句子译成英文:1. Sam是个快乐的孩子。他爱学习,对别人很友好。他是班里最受欢迎的学生。_ 2. 在中国,北京有最多、最好的电视台。北京也是中国最大的城市之一。3. 我们家我很忙,我妈妈比我忙,而我爸爸是最忙的。【试题答案】 一. 可数名词用a / an不可数名词用some填空。(1)a (2)a (3)some (4)some (5)some (6)some (7)some

25、(8)some (9)some (10)some (11)some (12)some (13)some (14)some (15)a (16)an (17)an (18)a (19)a (20)a (21)some (22)some (23)some (24)a (25)an (26)an (27)an (28)a (29)a (1)noodles (2)teeth (3)men-doctors (4)feet (5)mice (6)potatoes (7)photos (8)families (9)wolves (10)knives (11)women (12)policemen (13)b

26、eds (14)grades (15)classes (16)boxes (17)shelves (18)fish (19)sheep (20)deer (21)tomatoes (22)heroes (23)hamburgers (24)clothes (25)trousers (26)shoes (27)wives (28)halves (29)churches (30)jackets (31)boots (32)sweaters (33)blouses (34)shirts (35)necklaces (36)dresses (37)umbrellas (38)watches (39)purses (40)cities (41)monkeys (42)boys (1)everything (2)some (3)any (4)any (5)any (6)A few (7)many (8)much (9)a little (10)any (11)much (12)anything

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