李林森简历Word文件下载.docx

1、English poet, born in Lombard Street, London, on the 21st of May 1688. His father, also Alexander Pope, a Roman Catholic, was a linen-draper who afterwards retired from business with a small fortune, and fixed his residence about 1700 at Binfield in Windsor Forest. Popes education was desultory. His

2、 fathers religion would have excluded him from the public schools, even had there been no other impediment to his being sent there. Before he was twelve he had obtained a smattering of Latin and Greek from various masters, from a priest in Hampshire, from a schoolmaster at Twyford near Winchester, f

3、rom Thomas Deane, who kept a school in Marylebone and afterwards at Hyde Park Corner, and finally from another priest at home. Between his twelfth and his seventeenth years excessive application to study undermined his health, and he developed the personal deformity which was in so many ways to dist

4、ort his view of life. Pope would have despised so easy a metamorphosis as this at any period in his career, and the work of his coadjutors in the Odyssey may be distinguished by this comparative cheapness of material. Broomes description of the clothes-washing by Nausicaa and her maidens in the sixt

5、h book may be compared with the original as a luminous specimen. Popes wit had won for him the friendship of many distinguished men, and his small fortune enabled him to meet them on a footing of independence. He paid long visits at many great houses, especially at Stanton Harcourt, the home of his

6、friend Lord Chancellor Harcourt; at Oakley, the seat of Lord Bathurst; and at Prior Park, Bath, where his host was Ralph Allen. With the last named he had a temporary disagreement owing to some slight shown to Martha Blount, but he was reconciled to him before his death. He died on the 30th of May 1

7、744, and he was buried in the parish church of Twickenham. He left the income from his property to Martha Blount until her death, after which it was to go to his half-sister Magdalen Rackett and her children. His unpublished manuscripts were left at the discretion of Lord Bolingbroke, and his copyri

8、ghts to Warburton. If we are to judge Pope, whether as a man or as a poet, with human fairness, and not merely by comparison with standards of abstract perfection, there are two features of his times that must be kept steadily in view - the character of political strife in those days and the politic

9、al relations of men of letters. As long as the succession to the Crown was doubtful, and political failure might mean loss of property, banishment or death, politicians, playing for higher stakes, played more fiercely and unscrupulously than in modern days, and there was no controlling force of publ

10、ic opinion to keep them within the bounds of common honesty. Hence the age of Queen Anne is preeminently an age of intrigue. The government was almost as unsettled as in the early days of personal monarchy, and there was this difference -that it was policy rather than force upon which men depended f

11、or keeping their position. Secondly, men of letters were admitted to the inner circles of intrigue as they had never been before and as they have never been since. A generation later Walpole defied them, and paid the rougher instruments that he considered sufficient for his purpose in solid coin of

12、the realm; but Queen Annes statesmen, whether from difference of tastes or difference of policy, paid their principal literary champions with social privileges and honorable public appointments. Hence men of letters were directly infected by the low political morality of the unsettled time. And the

13、character of their poetry also suffered. The most prominent defects of the age - the lack of high and sustained imagination, the genteel liking for “nature to advantage dressed”, the incessant striving after wit - were fostered, if not generated, by the social atmosphere. Popes own ruling passion wa

14、s the love of fame, and he had no scruples where this was concerned. His vanity and his childish love of intrigue are seen at their worst in his petty manoeuvres to secure the publication of his letters during his lifetime. These intricate proceedings were uavelled with great patience and ingenuity

15、by Charles Wentworth Duke, when the false picture of his relations with his contemporaries which Pope had imposed on the public had been practically accepted for a century. Elizabeth Thomas, the mistress of Hey Cromwell, had sold Popes early letters to Hey Cromwell to the bookseller Curll for ten gu

16、ineas. These were published in Curlls Miscellanea in 1726 （dated 1727）, and had considerable success. This surreptitious publication seems to have suggested to Pope the desirability of publishing his own correspondence, which he immediately began to collect from various friends on the plea of preven

17、ting a similar clandestine transaction. The publication by Wycherleys executors of a posthumous volume of the dramatists prose and verse furnished Pope with an excuse for the appearance of his own correspondence with Wycherley, which was accompanied by a series of unnecessary deceptions. After manip

18、ulating his correspondence so as to place his own character in the best light, he deposited a copy in the library of Edward, second earl of Oxford, and then he had it printed. The sheets were offered to Curll by a person calling himself “, who professed a desire to injure Pope, but was no other than

19、 Pope himself. The copy was delivered to Curll in 1735 after long negotiations by an agent who called himself “R. Smythe”, with a few originals to vouch for their authenticity. “ had drawn up an advertisement stating that the book was to contain answers from various peers. Curll was summoned before

20、the House of Lords for breach of privilege, but was acquitted, as the letters from peers were not in fact forthcoming. Difficulties then arose between Curll and “, and Pope induced a bookseller named Cooper to publish a Narrative of the Method by which Mr. Popes Private Letters were procured by Edmu

21、nd Curli,Bookseller （1735）. These preliminaries cleared the way for a show of indignation against piratical publishers and a “genuine” edition of the Letters of Mr. Alexander Pope （1737, folio and 4to）. Unhappily for Popes reputation, his friend Caryll, who died before the publication, had taken a c

22、opy of Popes letters before returning them. This letter-book came to light in the middle of the 19th century, and showed the freedom which Pope permitted himself in editing. The correspondence with Lord Oxford, preserved at Longleat, afforded further evidence of his tortuous dealings. The methods he

23、 employed to secure his correspondence with Swift were even more discreditable. The proceedings can only be explained as the measures of a desperate man whose maladies seem to have engendered a passion for trickery. They are related in detail by Elwin in the introduction to volume I of Popes Works.

24、A man who is said to have “played the politician about cabbages and turnips”, and who “hardly drank tea without a stratagem”, was not likely to be straightforward in a matter in which his ruling passion was concerned. Against Popes petulance and “general love of secrecy and cunning” have to be set,

25、in any fair judgment of his character, his exemplary conduct as a son, the affection with which he was regarded in his own circle of intimates, and many well-authenticated instances of genuine and continued kindliness to persons in distress. Father: Alexander Pope （linen merchant, d. 1717） Mother: （

26、d. 1733） Author of books: Poetical Miscellanies （1709, poetry） An Essay on Criticism （1711, poetry） The Rape of the Lock （171214, poetry） The Dunciad （1728） Peri Bathouse, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry （1728） An Essay on Man （173334） The New Dunciad （1742） 2222 Early lifePope was born to Alexander

27、 Pope （16461717）, a linen merchant of Plough Court, Lombard Street, London, and his wife Edith （ne Turner） （16431733）, who were both Catholics.3 Ediths sister Christiana was the wife of the famous miniature painter Samuel Cooper. Popes education was affected by the recently enacted Test Acts, which

28、upheld the status of the established Church of England and banned Catholics from teaching, attending a university, voting, or holding public office on pain of perpetual imprisonment. Pope was taught to read by his aunt, and went to Twyford School in about 1698/99.3 He then went to two Catholic schoo

29、ls in London.3 Such schools, while illegal, were tolerated in some areas.4 In 1700, his family moved to a small estate at Popeswood in Binfield, 3Berkshire, close to the royal Windsor Forest. This was due to strong anti-Catholic sentiment and a statute preventing Catholics from living within 10 mile

30、s （16 km） of either London or Westminster.5 Pope would later describe the countryside around the house in his poem Windsor Forest. Popes formal education ended at this time, and from then on he mostly educated himself by reading the works of classical writers such as the satirists Horace and Juvenal

31、, the epic poets Homer and Virgil, as well as English authors such as Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare and John Dryden.3 He also studied many languages and read works by English, French, Italian, Latin, and Greek poets. After five years of study, Pope came into contact with figures from the Lon

32、don literary society such as William Wycherley, William Congreve, Samuel Garth, William Trumbull, and William Walsh.34 At Binfield, he also began to make many important friends. One of them, John Caryll （the future dedicatee of The Rape of the Lock）, was twenty years older than the poet and had made many acquaintances in the London literary world. He introduced the young Pope to the ageing playwright William Wycherley and to William Walsh, a minor poet, who