自动化专业英语复习点Word下载.docx

1、4、 现场总线P211 field bus5、 DSP P165 digital signal processor 数字信号处理器 digital signal processing 数字信号处理6、 几种表压P183 psig:pounds per sequare inch gauge 表压【磅/每平方英寸】 psia:pounds per sequare inch absolute 绝对压强【磅/每平方英寸】 pounds per sequare inch of area 磅/每平方英寸面积 psi :pounds per sequare inch 磅/每平方英寸面积 psid:pound

2、s per sequare inch gauge 压差【磅/每平方英寸】 7、 DCS P207 discrete control system 离散控制系统8、 家用电器P263单词 appliances 电器用具、家用电器9、 P7 NOTES 2 photovoltial 光电的、光伏的 power factor 功率因数10、运算放大器P9 the operational amplifier 11、出射角、入射角P89 departure angle 出射角 arrival angle 入射角12、主存储器、辅助存储器P139 primary memory主存储器 secondary

3、memory 辅助存储器13、变送器P181 transmitter 变送器（热敏电阻）14、局域网P207 LAN：local area networks 局域网15、Unit 2 PART A 标题P259 smart grid standard 智能电网标准16、触发器P19 flip-flop17、相位超前、相位滞后P29 phase-lead 相位超前 phase-lag 相位滞后18、P187 NOTES gpm：gallons per minute 每分钟加仑数19、物联网P279 Internet of Things 20、云计算P264 标题 Cloud computing2

4、1、P206 标题、工厂自动化 factory automation22、嵌入式系统P174 embedded system23、布尔代数P19 Boolean algebra24、偏微分方程P69 partial differential equation25、常对数P99 common logarithm26、稳态误差P80 标题 the steady-state errors27、P4 PART B标题 三相电路 three-phase circuits二、课本翻译（英译中或中译英） 1、P2长句子 P2 课文：A summary of Eqs. （1-1A-1） （1-1A-2） an

5、d （1-1A-4） for the three forms of passive circuit element is given in Fig. 1-1A-1.Note that conventional current flow is used;hence the current in each element is shown in the direction of deceasing voltage. Active electric devices involve the conversion of energy to electrical form. For example, th

6、e electric energy in a battery is derived from its stored chemical energy. The electric energy of a generator is a result of chemical energy of the rotating armature.（电枢，衔铁，加固） Active electrical elements occur in two basic forms: voltage sources and current sources. In their ideal form, voltage sour

7、ces generate a constant voltage independence of the current drawn from the source. The aforementioned（上述的，前面提到的） battery and generator are regarded as voltage sources since their voltage is essentially constant with load. On the other hand, current sources produce a current whose magnitude is indepe

8、ndent of the load connected to the source. Although current sources are not as familiar in practice, the concept dose find wide use in representing（代表，表示，阐明） an amplifying （放大）device, such as the transistor, by means of an equivalent electrical circuit. Symbolic（符号的，记号的） representations of voltage a

9、nd current sources are shown in Fig.1-1A-2. A common method of analyzing an electrical network is mesh（网孔） or loop analysis. The fundamental law that is applied in this method is Kirchhoffs fist law（基尔霍夫第一定律）, which states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is 0, or, in any

10、closed loop, the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drops. Mesh analysis consists of assuming that currentstermed loop currentsflow in each loop of a network, algebraically summing the voltage drops（电压降） around each loop, and setting each sun equal to 0. Consider the circuit

11、shown in Fig. 1-1A-3a which consists of an inductor and resistor connected in series（串联） to a voltage source e. Assuming a loop current I, the voltage drops summed around the loop are -e+uR+uL=0 （1-1A-5）译：归纳式（1-1A-1）、（1-1A-2） 和 （1-1A- 4）描述的三种无源电路元件如图1-1A-1所示。注意，图中电流的参考方向为惯用的参考方向，因此流过 每一个元件的电流与电压降的方向

12、一致。 有源电气元件涉及将其它能量转换为电能，例如，电池中 的电能来自其储存的化学能，发电机的电能是旋转电枢机械能 转换的结果。 有源电气元件存在两种基本形式：电压源和电流源。其理 想状态为：电压源两端的电压恒定，与从电压源中流出的电流 无关。因为负载变化时电压基本恒定，所以上述电池和发电机 被认为是电压源。另一方面，电流源产生电流，电流的大小与 电源连接的负载无关。虽然电流源在实际中不常见，但其概念 的确在表示借助于等值电路的放大器件，比如晶体管中具有广 泛应用。电压源和电流源的符号表示如图1-1A-2所示。 分析电网络的一般方法是网孔分析法或回路分析法。应用 于此方法的基本定律是基尔霍夫第

13、一定律，基尔霍夫第一定律 指出：一个闭合回路中的电压代数和为0，换句话说，任一闭 合回路中的电压升等于电压降。网孔分析指的是：假设有一个电流即所谓的回路电流 流过电路中的每一个回 路，求每一个回路电压降的代数和，并令其为零。 考虑图1-1A-3a 所示的电路， 其由串联到电压源上的电感和电阻组成，假设回路电流i ，那么 回路总的电压降为：-e+uR+uL=0 （1-1A-5） 2、P7长句子 1 Viewed in this light, it will be found that the analysis of three-phase circuits is little more diff

14、icult than that of single-phase circuits. 译：这样看来，三相电路的分析比单相电路的分析难不了多少。过去分词短语作状语，用以表示时间、原因、让步、方式或陪衬情况。必须注意过去分词表示的被动行为对象是句中主语。 *2 At unity power factor，the power in a single-phase circuit is zero twice each cycle 译：在功率因数为1时，单相电路里的功率值每个周波有两次为零。at 用于表示速度、温度、价格、成本和比率。3 It should be noted that if the pola

15、rity of point A with respect to N （ ） is assumed for the positive half-cycle, then when used in the same phasor diagram should be drawn opposite to, or 180 out of phase with, .译：应该注意，如果把A点相对于N的极性（ ）定为正半周，那么 在用于同一相量图中时就应该画得同 相反，即相位差为180 。should 用于表示建议、要求、决定、命令等意义的主从复合句内，这时从句谓语一般是“should动词原形”。 3、P82第一

16、、二段 第一段：Actual system are also subjected to undesirable inputs, such as noise in command inputs and disturbances arising from changes in the plant parameters or changes in the environment in which the plant is operating. Noise inputs that enter the system with the command input require filtering tec

17、hniques to remove or suppress them without affecting the command input itself. We shall limit our discussion to disturbance inputs which enter the system at the plant rather than at the controller,as indicated in the generalized block diagram of Fig.2-2B-2a.In Fig.2-2B-2b the diagram is redrawn with

18、 the disturbance d as the principal input.Since the system is linear,the principle of superposition holds,and we can assume r equal to zero.The disturbance input transfer function for an unity feedback system（H（s）=1）can be written as 实际系统也受非期望输入的影响，比如：控制命令中的噪声，设备运行时由于设备参数变化和运行环境变化引起的扰动。夹杂在控制命令中的噪声输入

19、，需要用滤波技术除去或抑制，使之不影响控制输入本身。我们仅讨论在设备处进入系统的扰动，而不是从控制器中进入的，如图2-2B-2a。以干扰d作为主要输入的重画图如图2-2B-2b。由于系统是线性的，叠加定理成立，我们可以假定r为零。单位反馈系统的扰动传递函数可写作下式：第二段：When this transfer function is compared with the usual input-out transfer function with d=0,we see that characteristic equations are identical,as is to be expecte

20、d,but that numerator functions are differert.A disturbance input,therefore,will not affect the stability of the system but may change the shape of the transient response and introduce steady-errors that must be considered in determining the overall accuracy of the system.将这个传递函数和d=0的普通输入输出传递函数相比较，如同

21、期望的，其特征方程是一样的，但是分子函数是不同的。因此可知扰动输入不会影响系统的稳定性，但是可以改变暂态响应的形状，并且它要引入到在测量整个系统精度所必须考虑的稳态误差附第三段：It is often difficult to minimize both components of the error simultaneously. Obviously, it is necessary to have some knowledge as to the nature of probable disturbance inputs. Both error terms of Eq.（2-2B-7） c

22、an be set equal to zero by introducing an integrator into the controller. This additional integrator increases the type of the system （ from 1 to 2, for example） , thus eliminating the velocity error, and by being introduced ahead of the point of entry of the disturbance into the system, eliminates

23、the steady-state error resulting from a step in the disturbance input. This additional integrator must be accompanied by at least one zero if the system is to remain stable.译：通常同时将误差的两个部分最小化是困难的。很明显，具有适当的干扰输入特性的一些知识是很有必要的。方程2-2B-7的两个误差项都能通过在控制器中加入积分器而消除。这些附加的积分器增加了系统的型（例如，从1型系统变为2型系统），因此可以消除速度误差，并通过

24、在系统扰动进入点之前引入积分环节，可以消除由输入信号中包含的阶跃扰动引起的稳态误差。如果要保持系统稳定该附加的积分器必须相应增加至少一个零点。 4、P71第一、二段The transfer function can be obtained in several ways. One method is purely mathematical and consists of taking the Laplace transform of the differential equations（微分方程） describing the components or system and then sol

25、ving for the transfer function; nonzero initial conditions, when they occur, are treated as additional inputs. A second method is experimental. A known input （sinusoids and steps are commonly used） is apply to the system, the output is measured, and the transfer function is constructed from operatin

26、g data and combination of the known transfer functions of the individual elements. This combination or reduction process is termed（称做） block diagram algebra.译：传递函数可以通过多种方法求得。一种方法是纯数学的，先对描述元件或系统的微分方程取拉普拉斯变换，然后求解得出传递函数。当存在非零起始条件时将之看作外加输入对待。第二种方法是试验法。通过给系统加上已知的输入，测出输出值，通过整理数据和曲线得出传递函数。某子系统或整个系统的传递函数经常通

27、过对已知的单个元件传递函数的正确合并而得到。这种合并或化简称做方块图代数。 第二段：The Laplace Transformtion 拉普拉斯变换The Laplace transformation comes from the area of operational mathematics and is extremely useful in the analysis and design of linear systems. Ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients transform into algebrai

28、c equations that can be used to implement the transfer function concept. Furthermore, the Laplace domain is a nice place in which to work, and transfer functions may be easily manipulated, modified, and analyzed. The designer quickly becomes adept in relating changes in the Laplace domain to behavio

29、r in the time domain without actually having to solve the system equations. When time domain solutions are required, the Laplace transform method is straightforward. The solution is complete, including both the homogeneous （transient） and particular （steady-state） solutions, and initial conditions a

30、re automatically included. Finally, it is easy to move from the Laplace domain into the frequency domain.译：拉氏变换源于工程数学领域，广泛用于线性系统的分析和设计。常系数的常微分方程转变为代数方程可通过传递函数的概念实现。此外，拉氏域更适合于工作，传递函数容易处理、修改和分析。设计人员很快就会熟练地把拉普拉斯域的变化与时域状态联系起来而不需真地解系统方程（时域）。当需要时域解时拉氏变换法可直接使用。解是全解，包括通解和特解，初始条件被自动包含在内。最后，可以很容易从拉氏域转到频域中去。 5

31、、P162有两个句子 P162 至P163 过渡段课文：A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerThe single-chip microcomputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital computer and the integrated circuit arguably the tow most significant inventions of the 20th century These tow types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputer. Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-1, others follow the philosophy, widely adapted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors, of making no logical distinction between program and data m