英语外延版八年级上下册笔记Word格式.docx

1、（9） Remember to do sth .记得去做某事。（10） We can do sth . 我们能做某事。（11） You had better （not） do sth . 你最好做某事当同意对方建议时，可以回答ok,all right , thats a good idea ,good idea ,great 等当委婉谢绝对方要求帮助时可以用：Im afraid I cant .I love to ,but .2. afraid 害怕，不敢（1） be afraid of sb/sth 害怕某人某物 Im afraid of dogs （2） afraid +从句 Im afr

2、aid I may be a little late .（3） be afraid of doing sth 担心害怕做某事 Shes afraid of going out at night .（4） be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 。Mr Black was afraid to climb the tree ,for he was afraid of falling down from it .（5） Im afraid not 恐怕不是这样。3Need （1） 做实义动词 需要 当主语是人时，need to do sth ,当主语是物时need doing sth o

3、r need to be done We need to wear warm clothes in winter . Classrooms need cleaning every day . His shoes need to be mended（2） need 用作情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否定句中。需要，必须 Need he sweep the floor ? you neednt hand in your homework today .（3）作名词，需要，必须。 There is a great need to hurry .4.remember doing sth. 表示“记得曾经做

4、过某事”，remember to do sth. 表示“记住要去做某事”，有类似用法的还有forget, forget doing sth. 表示“忘了曾经做过某事”，forget to do sth. 表示“忘了去做某事”，如：I remember meeting her at a party once. Did you remember to get the bread?Remember to close the windows before you go out. Dont forget to bring your book tomorrow .5.stop to do sth 停下正在

5、做的事情，去做另一件事。 Stop doing sth 停止正在做的事When the teacher came in ,they stopped taking . Lets stop to have a rest .6. try 1） try to do sth 尽量做某事，尽力做某事 she tries to work it out .2） try doing sth 尝试做某事 he tries writing a letter in English .3）try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大的力量做某事 The doctor tried his best to s

6、ave the man .4） try on 试穿 Can I try on the new shirt ?5） have a try 试试 Let me have a try .try out 试验 try your luck at sth 碰碰运气 7. mean 意思是，表示人的言论或行为的某一标志或词语的意思所指（1）mean 后直接接名词，意思是。 The word “island” means “dao”（2） mean to do sth 意欲打算做某事 I didnt mean to argue with you . （3） mean doing sth 意味着 Accepti

7、ng the job means living abroad . （4） What does +名词+mean = whats the meaning of +名词 what do you mean by .什么意思？What does this word mean= whats the meaning of this word ? what do you mean by doing that ?8.advice1）. 表示“劝告”、“忠告”、“建议”，是不可数名词，若要表示一条或几条建议或劝告，则说a piece / three pieces of advice 一条 / 三条建议。2）.

8、表示按照某人的意见做某事，一般用介词on 或by。如：It was done on （或by） my advice. 这是按我的意见做的。3）. 表示提出建议或忠告，一般用动词give；表示向某人请教或征求意见，一般用动词ask / ask for; 表示接受意见或劝告，一般用动词take / follow。He gave us good advice on how to learn English.他对怎样学习英语给我们提出了很好的建议。He asked （for） the teachers advice. / He asked the teacher for his advice. 他向老

9、师请教。If you take （或follow） my advice and study hard, youll pass the examination. 如果你听我的劝告用功读书，你就会考及格。4）. advice 还可表示“消息”“报道”，此时多用复数形式。the latest advices（最新报道）。9.advise 动词 建议1） advise （sb.） sth. 建议某人某事 She advised prudence. 她劝告（我们）应谨慎从事。 2） advise doing sth. 建议做某事 He advised waiting till the proper ti

10、me. 3） advise sb.（not） to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事I advised him （not） to do it now.4）advise sb. against doing sth. 建议某人不要做某事I advice against going to the park.5） advise sb. + 疑问词 + to do sth./should do sth. Headvisedmewhattodo.他教我该怎么办。6 ） advise that sb.（should） do He advised that we （should） wait a bit

11、longer. 10. suggestA. vt. 建议/提议1） suggest sth （to sb） （向某人）建议某事Ill suggest a new plan （to him）.2） suggest doing sth 建议做某事He suggested going fishing this afternoon.3） suggest sb/ones doing sth 建议某人做某事You should suggest him/his giving up smoking.4） suggest + that从句 建议.此时要求that从句使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语由“（should）

12、 + 动词原形”构成，且should可以省略。He suggested （that） she （should） go to Beijing right away.B. Vt.暗示/表明suggest + that从句 （表示此意思的时候，一般只考查这一个用法）其宾语从句不能使用虚拟语气，而是使用陈述语气，即该用什么时态就用什么时态，只是要注意和主句suggest的时态对应即可。11.advise与suggest 都可作“建议”讲，二者用法有同有异。（1） 相同点 都可表示建议做某事， advise与suggest后面都可接名词/动名词/ that从 句（should加动词原形，should可以

13、省略）。例如：他建议（我们）再等一会儿。He advised/ suggested waiting a bit longer.He advised/ suggested （our） waiting a bit longer. He advised/ suggested that we （should） wait a bit longer. 上面的第三句可转化为： It was suggested that we （should） wait a bit longer. What he suggested was that we （should） wait a bit longer. His su

14、ggestion was that we （should） wait a bit longer.（2）不同点advise后可以直接跟人称代词作宾语，如：advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against （doing） sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; 而suggest后一般用suggest to sb that 形式。他建议我们改天再来。正He advised us to come another day.误He suggested us to come another day.误He suggested us that we

15、come another day.suggest还有“暗示、表明、指出（一个事实）”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气，不 用 虚拟语气。 Her expression suggested pleasure. 她面露喜色。 His silence could only suggest disapproval. 他的沉默只能暗示反对。His words suggested （that） he was unhappy.12. Agree的用法 agree后面接介词法比较复杂，常见用法有：（1） 涉及讨论的题目用about。 They never agree about politics. 关于政治问题，

16、他们总是意见不一致。（2）要确定一样事情用on。 Can we agree on a date for the next meeting? 我们能不能为下次会议确定一个时间？（3）涉及一件建议或计划用to。 Hes agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。（4）涉及意思、想法、分析、解释以及涉及人的时候用with。 They might not agree with his opinions. 他们可能不同意他的意见。（5）agree后可接动词不定式或宾语从句。 We agree to leave at once.

17、 我们同意马上离开。13. practise practice 在英国英语中，两者分别是 动词和名词；但在美国英语中，没有区分，都可以是动词或名词形式1） 动词 练习 practice/practice doing sth My brother often practice/practice playing the guitar .2） 名词 不可数名词 练习，实践 practice makes perfect .熟能生巧。14.mistake 可数名词，错误，过错。1）Make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误 we all make mistakes sometime

18、s .2） by mistake （由于疏忽）错误地，无意地 Im sorry ,I took your pen by mistake .15. talk with 谈论，讨论 宾语可以是人，也可以是物。 Talk to 与某人交谈（侧重单方主动） Talk with 同某人交谈 （侧重双方互相交流） Please talk about the photo . The teacher is talking to his students ,老师正在对他的学生们讲话。The teacher is talking with his students ,老师正在跟他的学生们聊天。16. ways/a

19、 way to do sth 做某事的方式 相当于a way/ways of doing sth . Do you know a good way to learn English ? Do you know a good way of learning English ?17.look up 查，查找，强调在词典、参考书等工具书中查询。Up 是副词，代词做宾语时应放在up 之前。 We can look up new words in a dictionary . Look up 还有仰视，向上看的意思he looked up from his book as I entered the r

20、oom .18. take sb around 带领某人参观 相当于 show sb around Why not take them around our school ?19.invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 would you like to invite all your friends t oyour birthday party ?invitation 名词 邀请 did you get an invitation to the party ?20.else other Else 位于被修饰词之后，修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词 what else do y

21、ou want ? Other 位于被修饰词之前，修饰名词 what other things do you want ?21. quickly fast soon fast是本身的速度快Thecarrunsfastsoon是时间上不久，很快。Hewillcomebacksoonquick动作完成的迅速，是形容词aquickbreakfastquickly动作完成的迅速，是副词HewentoutquicklyHestoodupquickly22. loud、aloud、loudly副词loud、aloud、loudly都有“大声的”意思，但用法有所不同。 Loud的意思是“大声的、高声的、响亮

22、的”。在动词talk ,speak,shout,laugh等后面，一般用loud，在非正式的谈话中尤其如此，loud有比较级，但往往不用最高级。Speak louder,I cant hear you. They laughed loud and long. Dont talk so loud. aloud的意思是“出声的”，指使声音能被听到，而不止是在脑子里默默的说，它往往与read ,think等动词连用，但是aloud修饰call,cry等动词时，可以作“高声的、大声的”解.aloud没有比较级形式。.The teacher asked him to read the poem alou

23、d. He called aloud for help. .I was just thinking aloud. loudly的意思是“高声的”经常可与loud通用。但在较正式语言中即表示“吵嚷不休的噪声”的意味，常用loudly. 例如：.Dont shout so loud/loudly. 23. 本模块语法是表达建议话题是如何学好英语。Module 2in the 1980s on the coast ten million one day the population of as busy as pretty good part of a well-known city in the

24、east along the riverfor holidays most days bigger and bigger in fact be famous for such as seven and a half million more than1.population 是集合名词名词，意为“人口；人口数”（1）常与定冠词the 连用,作主语时,谓语常用第三人称单数. The worlds population is creasing faster and faster（2）当主语是表示人口的百分之几,几分之几时谓语动词用复数形式.About seventy percent of the

25、population in China are famers .（3）有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词,. 当表示“某地有多少人口”时，有两种表达方式：Someplace has a population of . 或The population of someplace is .。This town has a population of more than twenty thousand. The population of this town is more than twenty thousand. China has a population of about

26、 1.3 billion. There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.（4）表示人口的多少不用much 或little 要用large/big /great , 或small /thin India has a large population .（5）询问某国某地有多少人口时要用疑问词what，或how large 而不能用how many或how much。Whats the population of the city? How large is the population of the city ?（6） 在表示多个地区人

27、口时, population要用复数形式 populations. Many parts of the world ,which once had large populations and produced of crops ,have become deserts.世界上很多地区一度人口众多,种植大量的农作物,现在已变成了沙漠.2.【词语辨析】 population；people；personpopulation意为“人口”，常用来表示一个地区、一个城市或一个国家的总人口数。当population在句中作主语时，其后的动词应该用单数形式。The population of the city

28、 is about eight million. 这座城市的人口是八百万。people是集体名词，泛指“人们”，常用来表示一个较小范围内的具体人数。How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人？person则侧重指“个别人”，是可数名词。The person under the tree is my uncle. 树下的那个人是我的叔叔。3. 形容词比较级（一） 比较级的构成A 单音节和少数双音节形容词（1）一般在词尾加er. talltaller long -longer high-higher（2）以字母e结尾的加r . nice nicer late-later large-larger（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，应双写这个辅音字母，再加er. Fat-fatter hot-hotter sad sadder（4）一辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先变结尾的形容词，先变y为I