江苏专用版高考英语语法专题全辑专题十四名词讲义牛津译林版文档格式.docx

1、with pleasure乐意a pleasure乐事抽象名词与a（an）连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk （swim，bath，talk） with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.（2）物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之

2、多时，可以用作可数名词。物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。3.名词所有格“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：（1）用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk（drive），five pounds weight，ten dollars

3、worth of coffee。（2）用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。4.名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（1）分类意义。air pollution 空气污染 boy friend男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯 body language身体语言road accident交通事故 the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖（2）时间、地点、称呼等。Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授evening

4、school夜校 winter sleep冬眠（3）表目的、手段、来源、所属意义。reception desk接待台 sports field田径场stone table石桌 color TV彩电5.几组常考名词辨析（1）cause，reason，excusecause是造成某种客观事实或现象的原因，后接介词of；reason是说明一种看法或行为的理由，后接介词for；excuse是“借口、辩解”的意思。Carelessness is the cause of the accident.The reason for her coming late was that her car broke

5、down on the way.Late again! Whats your excuse of this time?（2）sight，view，scene，scenerysight指“景色”时为可数名词，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“美景”或“名胜”，尤指人工制成的景色。Come and see the sights of London.view通常指自然景色，或指从远处或高处看到的景观、景物。We can get a very good view of the sea from the top of the tower.scene所表达的景色常是scenery的一部分，常指自然景色，也可

6、指舞台的场景、现实生活中的场景、场面、情景。The sunrise is a beautiful scene.I was touched by the happy scene.scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色，是不可数名词。The best part of the trip was the scenery.It was fantastic.（3）award，reward两者既可作名词也可作动词。award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”，用作动词时，常用于award sth. to sb. 中；reward作名词时，意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”，用作动词时，常用

7、于reward sb. for sth. 。He won the first award in the singing contest.He received a reward of $900 from the police for catching the criminal.（4）habit，custom，customshabit指个人在长时间内逐渐养成的、一时不易改变的行为和习惯；custom则强调社会、民族经过一个较长时间过程而形成的“风俗”、“习惯”；customs为复数名词，意思是“关税”、“进口税”，当首字母大写并与the连用时表示“海关”的意思。题组训练选词填空1.“Tommy，

8、run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with clearly panic in her voice.2.Theres a tradition in our office that when its somebodys birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.3.Whats the point，in your opinion，of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?4.The lac

9、k of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.5.The cat jumped away，out of his reach.6.We have a fine view of the lake from our hotel window.7.How can I reward you for your help?8.Social customs vary greatly from country to country.1.Try to underst

10、and whats actually happening instead of acting on the youve made.（2018江苏，32）A.assignment B.associationC.acquisition D.assumption答案D解析句意为：努力弄明白实际正在发生的事情，而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。D项assumption意为“假设”，符合语境。youve made是定语从句，修饰assumption，make an assumption意为“做出假设”。assignment任务，作业；association联系；acquisition获得，得到。2.The

11、that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.（2018天津，6）A.advice B.orderC.possibility D.invitation答案C在宇宙的其他星球上存在着生命，这一可能性一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。possibility意为“可能性”，符合语境，故选C。advice建议；order命令，秩序；invitation邀请，请柬。3.Can you tell us your for happiness

12、 and a long life?Living every day to the full，definitely.（2016江苏，24）A.recipe B.recordC.range D.receipt答案A解析考查名词词义辨析。句意为：您能告诉我们您幸福与长寿的秘诀吗？确切地说，是充实地过好每一天。根据答语可知，此处问的是幸福与长寿的秘诀。recipe秘诀，诀窍，符合句意。record记录；range范围；receipt收据，均不符合题意。4.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later to

13、night.（2016天津，10）A.effect B.senseC.change D.chance天气预报说多云，今天夜间下雨的可能性不大。chance意为“可能性”，符合语境。effect结果，效应；sense感觉，理解力；change变化，改变。5.Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my .（2015江苏，35）A.requests B.excusesC.apologies D.regrets去向你妈妈道歉，戴夫。我想去，但我担心她对我的道歉不满意。reque

14、st要求，请求；excuse理由，借口；apology道歉，致歉；regret懊悔，遗憾。根据前面的“say sorry”可知选C项。6.One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.（2015浙江，15）A.production B.stressC.energy D.power答案B解析考查名词辨析。减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。stress压力，紧张，符合语境。production生产，制作，产品；energy精力，活力，干劲；pow

15、er权力，势力，影响力。7.When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his and had a bad fall.（2015湖北，21）A.balance B.chanceC.memory D.place当这个男孩追赶哥哥的时候，他失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。根据句中的had a bad fall可知，这个男孩之所以摔倒是因为失去了平衡，lose ones balance意为“失去平衡”。chance机会；memory记忆；place地方。8.There is no need to tell me your answer now.G

16、ive it someand then let me know.安徽，30）A.thought B.supportC.protection D.authority现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。 thought思想，思考；support支持，维持，支援，供养；protection保护，防卫；authority权威，权力，当局。9.The failure was a big to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.（2015福建，24）A.blow B.issue C.excus

17、e D.factor答案A这次失败对他来说是一次不小的冲击，但是他没有气馁，很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。blow打击，痛击，符合语境。issue问题；excuse借口；factor因素。10.Her for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.（2014A.motivation B.qualificationC.talent D.technique她写作的动机是希望女性获得接受高等教育的权利。motivation动机，目的，符合句意。qualification资格，资历；talent天才，天赋

18、；technique技能，技巧。11.We most prefer to say yes to the of someone we know and like.（2014浙江，6）A.attempts B.requestsC.doubts D.promises我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢的人的请求。request请求，要求，符合句意。attempt尝试；doubt怀疑；promise保证，承诺。12.Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes?Well，I just follow the directions in the cookb

19、ook.（2014福建，26）A.feature B.planC.cost D.trick答案D 你能告诉我制作如此美味的蛋糕的诀窍吗？哦，我只是按照烹饪书上的说明来做的。feature特征，特点；plan计划；cost费用；trick技巧。13.Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good.（2014安徽，29）A.saying B.questionC.suggestion D.account如果你的钱不够买辆新车，你为什么不先买辆二手车呢？那是个好建议

20、。suggestion建议，提议，符合句意。saying谚语，格言；question问题；account陈述，报告，账户。14.Carbon dioxide，which makes abetween us and the sun，prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily，so the earth is becoming warmer.（2013湖北，22）A.difference B.comparisonC.connection D.barrier二氧化碳，在我们与太阳之间设置了一道屏障，阻止热量轻易地散发到大气层中，因此地

21、球正变得更暖和。difference意为“区别，不同”；comparison意为“对比，比较”；connection意为“联系”；barrier意为“障碍，屏障”，故选D项。15.With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take afor the better.（2013江苏，33）A.share B.chance C.turn D.lead答案C受到了其他饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以变得更好。take a share分担，为出力；take a chance冒险；take a turn（情况、

22、形势等）转变；转弯；take a lead领先，带头。16.While she was in Paris，she developed a for fine art.（2013天津，7）A.way B.relationC.taste D.habitdevelop a taste for fine art意为“培养对美术的兴趣”。way意为“方法”；relation意为“关系”；taste意为“口味；兴趣”；habit意为“习惯”。17.Can I help you with it?I appreciate your， but I can manage it myself.（2012江苏，21）A

23、.advice B.question C.offer D.idea我可以帮你吗？我感激你主动提供帮助，但我自己能完成。offer出价，（主动提供）帮助，符合题意。advice建议，劝告；idea想法，主意。18.Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future.（2012江西，29）A.purpose B.referenceC.progress D.memory解析记下电话号码是以备日后参考，for future reference是字典中的典型表达。19.He will come to understa

24、nd your efforts sooner or later.Its just a matter of .（2012四川，15）A.luck B.valueC.time D.fact他迟早会理解你付出的努力的。这只是时间问题。根据句意可知应选C项。20.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.（2011A.project B.commitmentC.competition D.ambition放弃我的工作并

25、重新接受全日制教育是一个重大的决定，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好决定。project项目；commitment承诺；投入；花费；competition比赛；ambition志向。根据句意可知应选B项。1.When the first scientists came to the deserted region two years ago，they found little evidence of human there.A.investigation B.consumptionC.experience D.occupation当第一批科学家两年前来到这个荒无人烟的地方时，他们发现那里几乎没有人

26、类居住过的痕迹。occupation居住，占用，符合语境。investigation调查；consumption消费，消耗；experience经历，体验。2.To better our cultural moral character，we students might as well increase our for reading.A.qualification B.tendencyC.appetite D.application为了提高我们的文化道德品质，我们学生不妨增强我们的阅读欲望。qualification资格；tendency趋势；appetite强烈欲望，食欲；application申请。根据句意可知选C项。3.Elizabeth shows great in her choice of friends，so she has a lot of trustworthy companions.（2018扬州、泰州等七市三调，21）A.comprehension B.discriminationC.determination D.considerati