初二期末复习形容词副词Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、biggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mosttiredmoremosteasily2、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbadbadly/illworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest比较级：1.表示两

2、者之间的比较，通常用连词than引导，表示“更一些”。2.much/far/a lot，even，still，a little/a bit修饰比较级，表示程度。最高级：1、the +最高级+of+比较范围2、One of the +最高级例：1.She is the _ in the class. （young）2.Jason is the _ of the three. （tall）3.Whose handwriting is the _ of all? （good）最高级的用法表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in, among）

3、短语来说明比较的范围. 1.她女儿是她们学校最好学生之一.Her daughter is _ _ in her school.2.中国长城是世界上最伟大的建筑之一.The Great Wall of China is _ in the world.“ 最之一”: 用one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数 + of / in介词短语. The green oranges are big.The orange ones are bigger.The red ones are the biggest of all.250,000 RMB. 500 RMB 50,000 RMB.The bik

4、e is expensive.The red car is more expensive than the bike.The green car is the most expensive.Jim TomJim is athletic.Tom is more athletic than Jim.Stallone is the most athletic of the three.5000m5The Super market is far from my home.The book store is farther from my home.The cinema is the farthest

5、from my home.练习一：1. It is _ in the south than in the north. （warm）2. That question is _ than this one. （difficult）3. She felt ill yesterday and she feels even _today. （ill）4. He is much _ than his younger brother. （young）5. Lily is _ of the two. （young）6. Tom is _ of the twins. （tall）7. Which do you

6、 think tastes_, the chicken or the fish?8. Who runs _, Tom or Jim? （fast）练习二：1. The environment in our hometown is _ than it was before.A.good B. worse C. better D. bad2. I can type _ than I can write by hand.A. fast B. much faster C. more faster D. fastest3. -Have you decided which youd like to buy

7、, the black shirt or the yellow one?-The black one. Because it is _ of the two.A. the nicer B. the nicest C. nicer4. Lilei is _ than any other _ in his class.A. tall, students B. taller, students C. taller, student.比较级+any other + 单数名词.“比其他任何都”.（暗指: 最高级）The Yellow River is _ river in China.A. the se

8、cond longest B. the second longer C. second longest the +序数词最高级表示第几重难点：一、比较级 + and +比较级 越来越二、the+比较级 , the + 比较级 越, 越 1.The girl becomes _. （越来越漂亮）2. The weather is getting _. （越来越槽糕）3._you are, _ mistakes you will make. （你越仔细，做错的题目就越少） 4. _ you eat, _ youll be.（你吃得越多,就越胖）5. Alice writes well. Mary

9、writes _than she. （甚至更好） 现在完成时的构成助动词have （has）+ 过去分词过去分词的构成Typeoriginalp.t.p.p.AAAcostreadABBmeetmetcatchcaughtABCrideroderiddenspeakspokespokendrinkdrankdrunkeatateeaten现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。He has just turned off the light. （他刚把灯关了。）相当于：He turned off the light just now.The light i

10、snt on now.即关灯这一动作对现在造成的结果和影响：现在灯不亮了。I have already finished my homework.（我已经完成了家庭作业。2.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。She has lived here since she was born.自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?（

11、你曾去过颐和园吗?I have never had a car.（我从未有过汽车。现在完成时的时间状语常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作。还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用， 如：since, for a long time等.一个时间点一段时间ago一、since从句Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。I have known Daniel sin

12、ce 7 years ago.自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。Hes learned about 5000 words since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）二、for一段时间（two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. （他在这个学校教书四年了。I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。三、just, already, ever， recently，befo

13、re, never是完成时态的时间状语，而just now /a moment ago 是一般过去时的时间状语。The train has just arrived. （火车刚到。Did you see Joan just now? （你刚才看到琼了吗？Have you heard from your family recently? （你最近收到家人的来信了吗？短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come/go, die, fall, finish, get to know,

14、 join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词.（如下表）borrow keep buy havearrive be in/at die be deadstop be over begin/start be on leave be away （from）come /go be in /at get married be marriedjoin be in /a member of也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）或用“一般过去时+ ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。电影开始五分钟了。Th

15、e film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began.The film began five minutes ago.他入党五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago .但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行

16、车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。翻 译 练 习1.我买了这块手表五年了。I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.3.他已经回来三天了。He has come b

17、ack for 3 days.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 4.我离开家乡已十年了。I have left hometown for 10 years.I have been away from hometown for 10 years.have been 与have gone 的用法比较have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南

18、京吗？You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？-Where is she?-She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。与一般过去时的用法比较1、一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系，而现在完成时是表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。二、一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。1.一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday ,last week,一段时间ago, in 1980（过去时间）, in

19、 October, just now, a moment ago.eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .2.现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, ever, just, yet, already等不确定的时间状语。 They have lived here for ten years. She has been in the Reading Club for many years . I have known Daniel since ten years ago. eg：He ha

20、s bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。现在完成时的基本句型陈述句肯定形式。主语+ have/has+ 过去分词+其它e.g. I ha

21、ve had lunch. 已经吃过午饭了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。陈述句否定形式。主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词+（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent/hasnt）e.g. I havent had lunch. 我还没吃饭 He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。一般疑问句形式及其答语。 Have/Has+主语过去分词（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号） 肯定回答：Yes , 主语 have/has. 否定回答：No , 主语 havent/hasnt.Has he gone to

22、 Beijing? 他去过北京了吗？Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）特词+ have/has+主语过去分词？e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.改 错1. The film has stopped for an hour. .2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. Kitty has bought a book since last week.4. Our manager isnt in today. He has been to Guangzhou.