充当句子成分的词性+特殊疑问句文档格式.docx

1、在新中国老年人正过着幸福的生活。7. it作形式主语It is necessary to master a foreign language掌握一门外语是有必要的。It is dangerous playing with fire玩火是危险的。It is a pity that he cannot swim他不会游泳真遗憾。二、谓语（Predicate Verb）（一）谓语的定义谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句子中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。（二）谓语的构成1.简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practicesprktisis running every morni

2、ng.他每天早晨练习跑步。Yesterday afternoon he reachedri:tid Harbinh:bin.昨天下午他到达哈尔滨。She takes good care of her sicksik mother.她仔细照料她那生病的母亲。He has gotten ridrid of his bad habithbit .他已经改掉了他的坏习惯。2.复合谓语（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成You may keepki:p the book for two weeks这本书你可以借两周。Youd better not take the English book to

3、your home你最好不要把这本英语书带回家。He has caughtk:t a bad coldHe has to go to see a doctor他患了重感冒。他必须去看医生。She doesnt seemsi:m to like dancing她似乎不喜欢跳舞。We are going to call on him tonight.我们打算今晚去拜访他。（2）由系动词加表语构成We are students我们是学生。He looks very clever他看上去很聪明。三、表语（Predicative）（）表语的定义表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be

4、，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等）之后。（二）表语的表现形式表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。Our English teacher is Americanmerikn .我们的英语老师是美国人。He is an engineer,endini 他是一位工程师。Is it yours这是你的吗Thats all I want to tell you我要告诉你的就是这些。3.形容词The weather has turnedt:nd cold天气变冷了。Dalian is beautiful大连是美丽的。4.分

5、词The speechspi:t is exciting这演讲激动人心。The teacher was pleasedpli:zd with my spokenspukn English老师对我的英语口语很满意。5.数词Three times seven is twenty-one 3乘 7等于 21。He is always the first to enter the office他总是第一个进办公室。6.动词不定式His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。Their planpln is to finishfini the homework in a we

6、ekwi:k.他们的计划是在一周内完成家庭作业。7.动名词His hobbyhbi is playing football他的爱好是踢足球。My wish is studying English in a university,ju:niv:sti 我的愿望是在大学学习英语。8.介词短语The computer must be out of order:d电脑一定出毛病了。He is againsteinst our plan.他反对我们的计划。9.副词Time is upThe class is over. 时间到了，下课。My father isnt inHe is out我父亲不在家，他

7、出去了。四、宾语（Object）（）宾语的定义宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。（二）宾语的表现形式They went to see their English teacher yesterdayjestdi.他们昨天去看了他们的英语老师。He is going to buy a dictionarydiknri . 他打算买本字典。He will love me for two years.他将一直爱我两年。We should learn from him我们应该向他学习。 How many dictionaries do you have你有几本字

8、典 I have five我有5本。4.名词化的形容词They helped the old with their housework yesterday他们昨天帮助老年人做家务。We should help the old。我们应该帮助老人。5.动词不定式（短语）He doesnt want me to help him他不想要我帮助他。She doesnt know what to do next她不知道下一步做什么。6.动名词（短语）I like listening to popularppjul music我喜欢听流行音乐。ktisis speaking English every d

9、ay他每天练习讲英语。五、宾语补足语（）宾语补足语的定义英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make（使），consider（认为），cause（引起）， see（看见）， find（发现）， call（称为，叫做），get（让，使得），have（让，使得），let（让）等。（二）宾语补足语的表现形式带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make等）十直接宾语（名词或代词）十宾语补足语。宾语补足语在句中的8种表示法：1.用名词（包括名词性物主代词）表示His father named him Dongming他父亲给

10、他取名东明。We think Mr. Zhang a good teacher我们认为张先生是位优秀的老师。2.用形容词及其短语表示They paintedpeintid their boat black.他们把船漆成黑色。We believedbili:vd the report untrue我们确认这个报告不真实。3.用不定式及其短语表示You shouldnt forcef:s him to lendlend his money to you你不应该强迫他借钱给你。Nobody saw him enter the room没有人看到他进了屋子。注： see，have，let，make，w

11、atch，notice，hear，observe等动词的宾语补足语用不定式表示时，不可加to。help后的不定式可带也可不带to。4.用现在分词及其短语表示We saw her enteringentri the room我们看见她正走进那个房间。I heardh:d her singing an English song我听见她在唱英语歌曲。5.用过去分词及其短语表示They foundfaund Harbin changedteindd他们发现哈尔滨变化了。I saw you loved by him.我看见你被他爱着。过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和它的关系是被动关系。6.用as引出宾语补

12、足语We take English as an importantimp:tnt languagewid .我们把英语当作一门重要的语言。I take her as my good teacher我把她看成我的好老师。7.用介词短语表示We found everything in the classroom in good orderd 我们发觉教室内每件东西都放得井井有条。You will find him at work all day你将发现他整天都在工作。8.用副词表示Let the fresh air in让新鲜空气进来。I saw him out with his father我看

13、见他和他父亲外出了。六、定语（Attribute）（）定语的定义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。（二）定语的表现形式定语一般可由形容词、分词（短语）、名词、代词、数词、名词所有格、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和从句等表示。1.形容词Harbin is a beautiful city哈尔滨是一座美丽的城市。There is a clever boy in the classroom教室里面有个聪明的男孩。2.分词（短语）China is a developingdivelpi country；America is a developeddivelpt country。中国是一个发展中

14、国家，美国是一个发达国家。Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher 和我们老师握手的那个人是谁3.名词There are thirty women teachers in our school我们学校有 30名女教师。They are going to put up a wall newspapernju:s,peip next week他们打算下周出墙报。4.代词His progressprures in English made us surprisedspraizd他在英语方面的进步使我们很吃惊。Do you know the stude

15、nt whose English is the best in your class你知道你们班上英语最好的那个学生吗More than thirty students in our class have read the book我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。The teacher asked the students to copykpi the third paragraphprr:f of the text老师让学生抄写课文的第3段。6.名词所有格You should followflu the doctors advicedvaisand do more exercisesekssa

16、iz你应该听从医生的建议，多运动。Marys parents have gone abroadbr:d 玛丽的父母出国了。7.不定式Our monitormnit is always the first to enter the classroom.我们的班长总是第一个走进教室。I cant go with youI till have a lot of work to do我不能和你去。我仍有许多工作要做。8.动名词The teaching plan for next term has been worked out下学期的教学计划已制定好。You mustnt take the magaz

17、ine,mzi:n out of the reading room你不要把杂志带出阅览室。9.介词短语He is reading a book about how to learn English他正在读一本有关如何学习英语的书。Who is the girl in red穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁10.副词（多位于被修饰词之后）A noise outside,autsaid made him turn around外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。The man in the room downstairsdaunstz is friendly楼下房间的那人很友好。七、状语（Adverbial）（）状语

18、的定义修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。（二）状语的表现形式l.副词及副词性词组Light travelstrvlz most quickly光传播得最快。Factories and buildingsbildiz are seen here and there到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。2.介词短语He has lived in the city for ten years他在那座城市住了 10年了。In spitespait of the difficultiesdifikltiz，we went on with our work尽管有困难，但是我们仍

19、继续工作。3.不定式（短语）He is proud to have passed the nationalnnl collegeklid entranceentrns examinationi,zminein.他因通过高考而感到自豪。The box is too heavy for me to lift这个箱子太重，我抬不起。4.分词（短语）He is in the room making a modelmdl plane他在房间里做一架飞机模型。Not knowing what to do，he decided to ask the teacher for advice他不知道怎么办好，就去

20、问老师。Encouragedinkridd by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。5.名词（短语）Wait a minute.等一下。Would you please come this way请这边走。The road is fifty kilometerskilumi:tz long and ten metersmi:tz widewaid .这条马路50公里长，10米宽。（三）状语的种类1.时间状语How about meeting again at six6:00见面怎样When

21、it rains，I usually go to school by bus下雨天，我通常乘公共汽车去上学。2.原因状语Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚没有去参加舞会。Since you are very busy，I wont trouble you既然你很忙，我就不打扰你了。3.条件状语I shall go there if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，我将到那里去。As （So） long as you work hard, you can make rapidrpi

22、d progressprures at English.只要你努力，你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。4.地点状语Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在 3楼。Where there is water，there is life有水的地方，就有生命。5.方式状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care她小心地把鸡蛋放在篮子里。He has greatly improvedimpru:vd his spoken English by this means他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。6.

23、伴随状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand她进来时手里拿着一本字典。The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老师走了进来，后面跟着一群学生。7.目的状语In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder为了赶上其他人，我必须更努力学习。I went there to see a friend of mine我去那里看我的一个朋友。Bring it closer so that I may see it better/cl

24、early.把它拿近些，以便我看得更清楚些。8.结果状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediatelyimi:ditli他累极了，立刻就睡着了。He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect him他是一位很好的老师，学生们都敬爱他。9.让步状语She works very hard though she is old虽然她年纪大了，但她仍然十分努力工作。No matter when you come，you are warmly welcome不管你什么时候来，都欢迎。10.

25、程度状语They were greatly moved to hear the heros story听了英雄的故事，他们深受感动。I quite agree with you我完全同意你的意见。11.比较状语I am taller than he is我比他高。The more I speak English，the better Ill be我越多讲英语，就讲得越好。副词修饰动词时放在行为动词之后或动词的宾语之后，修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰的词之前。They study hard.他们学习努力。（修饰动词）He was very sad.他非常伤心。（修饰形容词）She speaks E

26、nglish quite well.她英语讲得很好。（修饰副词）We go to school on foot.我们步行上学。（修饰短语，修饰动词）特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句：（一）概念：特殊疑问句以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。 （二）结构：它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who（whom）, whose,which, when, where, how, why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。【重点】 （三）疑问词的选择： 1对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what；关于what的其他疑问词：what color： 例如： What is that What are you doing What color is the shirt2对修饰名词的定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且通常和名词连用。Which book is yours Which umbrella is hi