高考英语 1名词与主谓一致单词U13语法专题讲义 新人教版文档格式.docx

1、2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾（发s、t、 d音时）加-es。buses, boxes, watches, brushes, 但stomach例外，其复数形式为stomachs。 6）不规则变化：改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式。man-men，woman-women，tooth-teeth，foot-feet，child-children，mouse-mice，goose-geese，ox-oxen。单、复数形式相同。a sheep-two sheep，a deer-four deer（鹿），a fish-six fish（表示不同种类时用fishes）。此外还有means，

2、works（工厂），以及由汉语音译表示度量、币制等单位的名词，如yuan（元）、jiao（角）、fen（分）、jin（斤）、mu（亩）、li（里）等。只有复数形式。例如：trousers, glasses（眼镜），passes（圆规），thanks, clothes, remains（遗物，遗体），ashes，contents（内容），goods（货物）表示“某国人”名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。a Chinese-two Chinese单、复数形式相同。这类词包括所有-ese（或-ss）结尾的民族名称。Swiss, Portuguese, Japanese等。an American-t

3、wo Americans词尾加-s。这类词还有：African，Asian，Australian，Canadian，Italian，Belgian，European，Greek，Hungarian，Swede，German，Arab等。an Englishmanfive Englishmen变man为men. 这类词还有：Frenchman, Irishman等。复合名词的复数形式因词而异，主要是在中心名词后加-s或-es。film-go（es），looker（s）-on，passer（s）-by，son（s）-in-law等。当man或woman作定语时，它与被修饰词都变为复数。woman

4、doctor-women doctors。7）有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。papers报纸，文件 manners礼貌airs做作的姿态、样子 take pains下功夫goods 货物 give regards to问候ashes遗骸，骨灰，废墟 glasses眼镜looks外表 make preparations作准备greens青菜 hairs几根头发conditions形势，情况 be in high spirits情绪，高涨times时代 sands沙滩，沙地arms武器 give respects to致以敬意irons脚镣，手铐 drinks饮料lines台词 force

5、s军队8）一些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同类别。如teas（各种茶），silks（各种丝绸），fruits（各种水果），foods（各种食物）。9）word一词作“消息”或“通知”解时，前面不加“a”或“the”，也不用复数形式。Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday. Please send me word of your arrival. 注意下列词组中word的形式：keep（break）ones word守（失）信 leave word 留言a man of his word有信用的人 in a word 简言之wor

6、d for word 逐字地 in other words换言之send word 捎信 give ones wore保证eat ones words白费口舌 have words with sb. 与某人吵嘴have a word with sb. 与某人说句话 have a few words with sb. 与某人说几句话10）某些以-s结尾的名词不是复数。news，表示科目的physics，mathematics，politics以及the United States , the United Nations等。2不可数名词1）以下名词常只用作不可数名词：bread，milk，hom

7、ework，juice，clothing，furniture，equipment，butter，progress，advice，luggage，baggage，permission，luck，news，fun，music，practice，production，rubber（橡胶），weatherWe had great fun swimming in the pool. She is great fun to be with. 2）以下名词作不可数名词用时表示抽象概念，与不定冠词连用或用作可数名词时表示个体事物：wind，rain，snow，knowledge，history，length（

8、width etc. ），silence，education，beauty，chalk，hair，honour，interest，pleasure，success，failure，population，possibility，necessity，cloth，cold，cough，coffee，desire，effect，experience，glance，load，weight，memory，paper，pain，rush，science，search，service，shame，shock，society，troubleFailure is the mother of success. He

9、 is a success as a writer. Food and clothing are necessities of life. 3）有些名词既是可数名词也是不可数名词，但意思不同。我们常常忽略它们的另一种意思。a room（一个房间）-room（空间） a glass（一个玻璃杯）-glass（玻璃） a chicken（一只小鸡）-chicken（鸡肉） a fish（一条鱼）-fish（鱼肉）（三）名词的所有格1表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加“s”，其构成形式如下：1）一般名词后加“s”。my brothers bag。2）以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只

10、在名词右上方加“”。the workers club。3）以-s结尾的专有名词所有格，以读音z结尾的，一般在名词右上方加“”，也可加“s”，其读音分别为z、iz。Engels /Engelss works, Dickens/Dickenss book但若不以读音z结尾则仍用“s”。Rosss book4）复合名词所有格的词尾“s”加在后面的名词之后。her son-in-laws photo。5）如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词加“s”；如果不是共有的，两个名词后都要加“s”。Jane and Marys room（共有），Janes and Toms books（不共有）6）有时，

11、名词所有格可表示类别。a womens college女子学院。7）表示动作的执行者或承受者。Li Pings praise李平的赞扬，Childrens education儿童教育。8）在表示“某人家”、“店辅”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。at Mr. Greens在格林先生家，to my uncles到我叔叔家，at the tailors在裁缝店，at the barbers在理发店，at the doctors在诊所。2表示无生命东西的名词，通常采用of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。the gate of the school，the window of the room

12、3有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加“s”来构成所有格。todays newspaper ten minutes walkChinas industry the stations waiting room4在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系，例如：a friend of my fathers that book of Toms a few/two friends of Mr. Blacks（四）名词在句中的作用名词在句中主要用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语和定语等。1主语These i

13、deas may seem strange to you. （这些想法你也许会觉得奇怪。）2表语Both of them are doctors. （他们俩都是医生。3宾语We love our great motherland. （我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。motherland作动词love的宾语）There is a beautiful lake at the end of the road. （路的尽头有一个美丽的湖。end和road分别作介词at和of的宾语）4宾语补足语We elected him monitor of our class. （我们选他当班长。monitor作宾语him

14、的补足语。5同位语This is Mr Black, our department manager. （这是布莱克先生，我们部门的经理。6定语主要有下列四种形式：1）名词所有格。如Jacks pen（杰克的钢笔）2）of +名词短语。a map of China（中国地图）3）双重所有格形式。I met a friend of my fathers. （我遇到了我父亲的一个朋友。He is a classmate of mine. （他是我的一个同班同学。Of +名词所有格或名词性物主代词可构成双重所有格。当名词或名词性物主代词和冠词、指示代词等修饰同一名词时，因为它们不能都放在该名词的前面，

15、就要用双重所有格形式。4）名词原形直接作定语。geography lesson（地理课） physics teacher（物理老师）colour film（彩色电影） vegetable garden（菜园）power plant（发电厂） wele party（欢迎会）food industry（食品厂） heart trouble（心脏病）coffee cup（咖啡杯） table tennis（乒乓球）个别情况下，还有的名词习惯于用复数作定语。parents meeting（家长会） sales department（销售部）sports meet（运动会） goods train（货车

16、）【EX 1】单项选择 1. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of_like coal, gas and oil.（xx年天津）A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products2. The young man made a _to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.（xx年湖北）A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution3. The top lea

17、ders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_.（xx年湖北）A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon4. Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?（xx年福建）A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion5.To save some of the human language

18、s before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _”.（xx年安徽）A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices6. Every ton of this recycled paper uses 90 liters of water in its _.（xx年上海春）A. structure B. manufacture C. construction D. organization 7.Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry

19、. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.（xx年江西）A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance8. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _.（xx年山东）A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business9. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for sur

20、vivors in an earthquake.（xx年浙江）A. sense B. view C. means D. idea 10. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a mon _ in many parts of the city.（xx年安徽）A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance11. You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.（xx年福建）

21、A. power B. strength C. force D. energy12. Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight13. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of

22、exercise.（xx年辽宁）A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand14. My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.（xx年上海）A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine15. AIDS control and prevention is a to China as well as the whole world.（xx年上海春）A. surprise B. challenge C. reactio

23、n D. threat16. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some cot（xx年浙江）A. way B. situation C. event D. choice17. 完形填空（xx年广东）Tales of the supernatural are mon in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was （and perhaps still is） a belief in fairies（仙女

24、）. Not all of these 21 are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that

25、it is almost 24 to the parents. It was then 25 that the fairies had e and stolen the baby away and 26 the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were

26、just two of the remended 27 . However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been 28 . In those cases there was often a way to get the 29 baby back. You could 30 the Changeling on the fire-then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies laughter and soon after you would f

27、ind your own child safe and sound nearby.21. A. babies B. believers C. fairies D. supermen22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small24. A. unfortable B. unbelievable C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable25. A. feared B. predicted C. heard D. reported26.

28、A. covered B. changed C. replaced D. terrified27. A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods28. A. missed B. stolen C. found D. lost29. A.little B. pale C. sad D. real30. A. seize B. burn C. place D. hold18. 完形填空（xx年广东）Wouldnt it be great if we didnt have to remember passwords （密码） ever again？If we could

29、 just sit in front of our puters and be 21 logged in （登录）? Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows, rather than using a 22 . All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to 23 your PC. No more 24 , confusing passwords to remember or cha

30、nge every few months.After doing a little research, I found this type of 25 already available to consumers via a relatively 26 application called FaceCode. The 27 requires the use of a webcam to recog- nize and log PC users into their systems. You can add as many 28 as you want, provided they each h