高考英语一轮统考复习第二部分高考重点语法突破专题一第4讲介词短语学案新人教版Word下载.docx

1、置的in，on，toin表示在某范围内；on指与某地毗邻；to指在某范围之外表示“在上”的on，inon只表示在某物的表面上；in表示占去某物一部分，即在某物之内表示“穿过”的through，across，overthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关；across表示在表面上通过，与on有关；over表示在其正上方越过，并且有表示时间的用法，意为“在期间”续表表示“关于”的about，onabout指涉及；on指专门论述between与among的区别between表示在两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上的之间besides, except，except for, but for的区别

2、besides指“除了还有，再加上”，其宾语包括在内；except指“除了”，其宾语不包括在内；except for强调整体中的细节，意思是“只是”，前后的事物不属于同类；but for意思是“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中表示“用”的with，inwith表示具体的工具；in表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等as与like的区别as意为“作为，以地位或身份”；like意为“像一样”in与into的区别in通常表示位置（静态）；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置My father had longed to play music since childhood, but

3、 his family was poor and couldnt afford lessons.父亲从小渴望演奏音乐，但是他家很穷，承担不起上课的费用。Can we talk about this over dinner?我们吃饭时能谈谈这个吗？Her parents always talk to her in German.她父母总是用德语与她交谈。三、其他高考常考介词的用法（1）介词at可表示动作、感情的原因，意思是“因而；一听到（看到/想到）就”。At the boys remark, the bookseller looked at him curiously.听到男孩的那句话，卖书人

4、好奇地看着他。（2）“on名词或动名词”结构可表示“一就”。On his arrival he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.他一到达就径直往柜台走去，并与柜台后边穿制服的店员说话。（3）to与情感名词连用，表示“令某人的是”。如：to ones delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret等。（4）with的用法a表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。With time passing, they have grown into bi

5、g boys.随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子了。b指原因或理由。The small child trembled with fear.那小孩吓得哆嗦。（5）by的用法a含有“到的程度”的意思。This one is shorter than that one by three inches.这一个比那一个短三英寸。b表示买卖东西所用以计算的数或量或付酬所用以计算的时间。Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，鸡蛋论打卖。c表示“按照”或“根据”的意思。By my wa

6、tch, the time is half past eleven.按我的表，现在是十一点半。（6）of与抽象名词连用，表示的意义相当于该名词对应的形容词。ofgreat/much抽象名词very形容词；ofno抽象名词not形容词。It is of great/much value.It is very valuable.这个东西很贵重。（7）near, by, beside, at表示“在附近/旁边”near表示“在附近”；by与beside同义，表示“靠近，在旁边”，比near距离更近；at也可表示“在旁边”，但多表示有目的的行为和所处的位置。Wendy came up and sat

7、beside me.温迪走过来坐在我身旁。We are sitting at the desks listening to our teacher.我们正坐在课桌旁听老师讲课。（8）against的用法含义例句反对；违背；与相反They got married against her parents wishes.他们违背她父母的意愿结婚了。触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快便睡着了。与竞争We will be competing against the be

8、st companies in Europe.我们将会和欧洲的顶级公司竞争。防备，抵御They took measures against the fire.他们采取了防火措施。以为背景，衬托The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下，小山更显美丽。（9）because of, due to, thanks to的用法because of通常作状语，位于句首或句尾，表示直接的原因；due to通常作表语，表示“由于，因为”；thanks to表示“多亏，幸亏”，既可用于褒义，也可用于贬义，多位于句首。The street

9、s were flooded because of all the rain.下雨导致街道被淹了。His illness was due to smoking and drinking.他的病是由吸烟和饮酒引起的。Thanks to modern medicine, the disease can now be cured.多亏了现代药物，这种疾病现在可以被治愈了。即时练1单句语法填空The artist wrote _ ink/pencil （_ a pen/a pencil）The skiers red clothes stood out clearly _ the snow.I have

10、 the same book _ you （have）The big stone looks _ a monkey.I know nothing about the young lady _ that she is from Beijing.She was given a scholarship _ the award.Japan is/lies _ the east of China.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake.Some students often lis

11、ten to music _ classes to refresh themselves._ then on she knew she would win.I lost my money and I have been worried _ then.Lets discuss it _ lunch.Well have finished the work _ ten oclock tomorrow.I usually take a bath _ having my breakfast.It is very considerate _ you to remind me.It is necessary

12、 _ the students to know some learning methods.It is _ me why she wants to marry Jeff.He seized me _ the arm.答案：in; withagainstaslikeexceptbesidestooffbetweenFromsinceoverbybeforeofforbeyondby考点二 介词短语1常见高频介词短语at the same time 同时；然而at dawn 在黎明at the cost of 以的代价at the mercy of 任凭的摆布at the sight of 一看到

13、at the age of 在岁时above all 最重要的是apart from 除此以外in the face of 面对，面临in addition to 除以外in case of 万一in charge of 负责，主管in the charge of 在的管理之下in control of 控制，掌握，管理in search of 寻找in honor of 为了纪念in exchange for 作为交换in memory of作为对的纪念in favor of 赞成，支持in fear of 害怕in need of 需要in no time 立刻in a hurry 匆忙i

14、n the way 碍事，挡路in the meanwhile 与此同时in the hope of 抱着的希望in no way 决不in preparation for 为作准备in response to 作为回应in turn 依次；转而in return （for） 作为（对的）回报in sight 看得见；在视野之内in spite of 尽管，虽然in possession of 拥有in the possession of 被拥有be of help 有帮助的be of importance 重要的be of significance 有重大意义的on the contrary

15、 相反on account of 因为；由于on behalf of 代表on condition that （only if） 在的条件下on the basis of 以为基础on the point of . 正要with regard to 关于2分类高频介词短语（1）表示状态的介词短语at a loss 不知所措at dinner 在吃晚餐at peace 处于和平状态 at rest 静止at war 在战争中 at work 在工作in anger 生气 in bed 在床上in danger 处于危险中 in debt 负债in despair 失望 in difficulty

16、 处于困难中in doubt 不确定，拿不准 in fear 在恐惧中in high spirits 情绪高昂 in need 在危难中，在穷困中in order 秩序井然 in print 发表in rags 穿着破旧 in surprise 吃惊in trouble 在困境中 in use 使用中on a trip 在旅行 on business 因公出差on display 在展出 on duty 在值班on holiday/vacation 在度假on sale 在出售；低价出售 on show 在展出on strike 在罢工 on the go 非常忙碌on the way 在途中

17、 out of balance 失去平衡out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期 out of order 出故障out of work 失业（2）表示方式的介词短语by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助于by chance 偶然地 by force 用暴力by hand 手工地 by mistake 错误地by nature 天生地 by the month 按月by turns 轮流by weight/volume 按重量/体积算in cash 用现金支付 in detail 详细地in size 在大小

18、上 with delight 高兴地with ease 轻易地 with joy 高兴地with pleasure 愉快地（3）表示“在”的介词短语under attack 遭到袭击under consideration 在考虑中under construction 在建造中under control 在控制之下under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下under repair 在修理中under test 在测试中即时练2单句语法填空He founded the charity _ memory of his late wife.When a new d

19、ay breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _ the same time, they warm up again for the night.There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, _ a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six miles.He taught me the tr

20、ick _ condition that I never tell anyone else how to do it._ the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died.inatasonAt误区一介词词义的误用（1）【误】The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.【正】The bridge over the river, which has a h

21、istory of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.分析over通常指“正对的上方”，表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置；on指线上或面上的接触点，仅在两个物体互相接触的情况下表示“在上面”。（2）【误】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.【正】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.分析with

22、表示用具体的工具，此处用by表示抽象的方式。by writing意为“通过写信”。本题不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。注意造成以上错误的原因在于对词义接近的介词的用法不清，应加强对考点一第“二”点的学习。误区二介词搭配的误用【误】You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.【正】You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.分析be rich in是固定搭配，意为“富含”。根据语境可知，把o

23、f改为in。【误】He got_married_with her last month.【正】He got_married_to her last month.【正】He married_her last month.分析get married to sb.marry sb. 为固定表达，意为“与某人结婚”。（3）【误】Under the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.【正】With the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.分析with the help of sb. 意为“在某人

24、的帮助下”为固定短语。注意造成以上错误一方面在于不熟悉介词的语法功能和不同搭配，另一方面在于英汉差异而致，如误区二第 2 处“和”，若按汉语思维，则应用with；第 3 处“在下”，若按汉语思维，则应用under。殊不知这些都是固定表述。平时应注意短语的积累，方能避免此类问题。误区三介词的缺失错误【误】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.【正】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and w

25、ait for your teacher to lead you outside.分析wait for是固定搭配，意为“等待”，由于其后有宾语your teacher，故需要加介词for。【误】He is the man I just spoke.【正】He is the man I just spoke to.分析man后为省略了关系词的定语从句，对某人讲话为speak to sb.，故to不可缺失。误区四介词的冗余错误【误】We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.【正】We, toge

26、ther with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.分析时间名词前有next, last等修饰时，一般不再用介词，last week前面不须加介词。注意造成以上错误的原因主要在于受汉语表达的影响，若想避免此类问题多背多练是关键。1（2019全国卷）Modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s.of/for2（2019全国卷）We were first greeted with the b

27、arking by a pack _ dogs, seven to be exact.of3（2019浙江高考）The answer _ this question is not clear. to4（2018北京高考）Good morning, Mr Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.for5（2017全国卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community （医学界） _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseaseth