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1、性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。His job is painting walls. 他的工作是粉刷墙壁。My hobby is collecting old coins. 我的爱好是收集古币。6. Its the closest star to Earth. 它是离地球最近的恒星。the closest 是 close 的最高级,在这里用来修饰star。Earth 意思是“地球”,也可以写作 the earth 或 the Earth。7. If I nd an interesting one, I take it home and add it to my collection. 如果我找到一

2、块有趣的(石头),我就会把它带回家并且把它加入我的收藏中。注意 add 和与它相关的几个短语的用法:add 意思是“加,增加”。If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。add to 意思是“增添,增加;增进”。The bad weather added to our difculties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。add to 意思是“把加到上”,把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。Please add some salt to the soup. 请给汤里加些盐。Add three to seven, yo

3、u will get ten. 7 加 3 等于 10.add up to 意思是 “总共达, 加起来达到” 。The cost of two trips added up to 900 dollars. 两次旅行的费用总计 900 美元。8. Im interested in collecting all kinds of concert tickets. 我对收集各种各样的音乐会门票感兴趣。(1) be interested in doing sth. 意为“对做某事感兴趣(指一般性的动作)”。be interested to do sth.意为“很有兴趣做某事,很想做某事(指尚未发生的动

4、作)”。比较:He is interested in listening to stories. 他对听故事很感兴趣。Wed be interested to hear your story. 我们很想听听你的故事。(2) kind 用作名词,表示“种类”,常用的一些词组有 kind of, kinds of等。kind of 通常用于单数可数名词和不可数名词前。one kind of ower 一种花;that kind of bread 那种面包this kind of light这种灯kinds of 通常用于复数可数名词前。all kinds of plants 各种各样的植物;man

5、y kinds of books 许多种类的书;different kinds of animals 不同种类的动物9. My family often helps me. 我的家人常常帮助我。family 是集合名词,表示“家庭;家庭成员”,作主语指整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;作主语指家庭成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。His family is going to move to another city. 他家打算搬到另一个城市。(指整体,谓语用单数)My family are very well. 我全家人很健康。 (指成员,谓语用复数)类似的还有:class, team, public等。

6、在实际应用中,有时意义区别不大,谓语用单数动词或复数动词均可。10. I also trade my tickets with other people. 我也会和其他人交换门票。trade 意思是“交换;和做生意”。She traded three apples for a bunch of bananas. 她用三只苹果换了一串香蕉。Ill trade my stamp collection for your model boat. 我想用我的邮票册换你的模型船。Lesson 38: Hobbies Are Fun!1. A hobby is not only fun but also u

7、seful. 一个爱好不仅仅是有趣的而且是有用的。not only. but also 表示“不但而且”,用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者;其中的 also 有时可以省略。Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. 林先生和他的儿子在两年前都入了党。He plays not only the piano but also the violin. 他不仅弹钢琴, 也拉小提琴。They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory

8、. 他们不仅在课堂上说英语 , 在宿舍里也说。not only. but also 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词要根据 but also 后的名词决定单、复数(就近原则)。Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. 不仅学生们,还有那位老师都反对该项计划。Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan. 不仅那位老师,还有学生们都反对该项计2. A hobby can help build your condence and

9、make your life more colourful. (好的)习惯可以帮助你建立自信心并且使你的生活多姿多彩。condence 为名词,表示“信心”,常用结构:build ones condence(树立某人的信心)。He is always full of condence in everything. 他总是对每一件事充满信心。If you want to succeed, you must build your condence from the beginning. 如果你想要获得成功,你必须从一开始就树立信心。3. It can help you make more frie

10、nds and teach you to work well with others. 它能帮助你交更多的朋友,还能教你和其他人很好地合作。由 make 组 成 的 常 用 短 语 有:make friends with (与交朋友);make a mistake (犯错误);make a noise (吵闹,弄出噪声);make a shopping list (写一个购物单 );make a telephone call ( 打电话 );make a decision ( 作出决定 );make a face ( 做鬼脸 );make a living ( 谋生,维持生活 );make f

11、un of ( 取笑,嘲笑 );make it ( 约定时间做到,按时到达 );make money ( 赚钱 );make ones bed ( 铺床,收拾床铺 );make ones way to ( 往走 );make room for (为让地方);make sure (确信);make up ones mind ( 下定决心 );make up ( 弥补,构成,编造 );make into ( 把变成 );sense ( 讲得通,有意义 )。make friends 表示 “交朋友”,完整结构是“make friends with sb.”,注意在这个结构中的 friends 只能用

12、复数。He has made many friends since he came here. 自从他来到这里,已经交了好多朋友了。I dont like making friends with a man like him. 我不喜欢和他那样的人交朋友。work well with others表示“和其他人相处得好”,类似词组还有:get on/along well with 等。He is very kind, and he can always work well with others. 他人很好,总是能和大家处得很好。4. Some people like to collect t

13、hings such as stamps, toy cars and postcards. 一些人喜欢收集邮票、玩具汽车、明信片等东西。(1) collect作动词时,意思是“收集;聚集”。He used to collect cards, but now he likes to collect stamps. 他以前收集卡片,现在却喜欢集邮。collect 的名词形式是 collection, 意思是“收集;收藏”。You can ask your family members to choose some photos from their collections. 你可以让家人从他们的收

14、藏里选一些照片。(2) such as 作“例如”讲时,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish. 有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语,例如,法语、意大利语和西班牙语。Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。for example 作“例如”讲时,一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。For example, ai

15、r is invisible. 例如, 空气是看不见的。He, for example, is a good student. 例如,他就是个好学生。5. A lot of people enjoy gardening, travelling, skiing and other such activities. 许多人喜欢园艺、旅行、滑雪和其他诸如此类的活动。such 作 定 语, 要 置 于 a (an) 之 前,all, no, one several, some, any 等之后;可修饰单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词, 表示 “同类的;如此的” 。 例如:We had such an i

16、nteresting day at school today! 今天我们在学校过得很有趣!How did you make such a mistake? 你怎么会犯这样的错误呢?Do you like such weather? 你喜欢这样的天气吗?There are no such things now. 现在没有这类事了。If you have any such idea, please let me know. 如果你有这样的想法,请告诉我。当名词前有 many, much, little, few 等词时,要用so。He has read so many books. 他读了这么多书

17、。I have so much work to do. 我有那么多的工作要做。6. Some people like to play card games or chess. Others are interested in the arts. 一些人喜欢玩扑克或者棋类运动。其他人则对艺术感兴趣。some. others 常常用来表示“一些,其他的”,把整体分成了若干部分,一些是some,其他一些是the others(= other + 名词复数) 。Some students like sports. Others like watching TV and reading. 一些学生喜欢运

18、动,其他的喜欢看电视或读书。People like different colors. Some like red, and others like yellow. 人们喜欢不同的颜色,有的喜欢红色,有的喜欢黄色。注意在一定范围内只有两人(物),一个用 one,另一个用 the other。I have two sisters. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor. 我有两个姐姐, 一个是教师, 另一个是医生。7. People usually take up their rst hobby when they are kids, but hobbi

19、es are fun for all ages. 人们经常会从孩提时便开始了他们的第一个爱好,但是爱好对于各个年龄段都是很有乐趣的。take up 表示“开始做某事,开始从事”。He left a job in the city to take up farming. 他辞去市里的工作,开始务农。He took up learning to swim when he was 40 years old. 他在 40 岁的时候开始学习游泳。take up 还可以表示“占据”。I dont like that table, because it takes up too much room. 我不喜

20、欢那张桌子,因为它占据了太多的空间。Discussing each problem will take up too much time. 讨论每个问题将会占用太多时间。8. Its never too late to learn something new. 学习新东西永远都不晚。(1) too. to. 是固定词组,表示“太而不能”。It is never too old to learn. 这个句子字面翻译是“永远不会因为太老而不能学习”,也就是“活到老,学到老”的意思。We are never too old to learn. 我们活到老,学到老。Never too old to l

21、earn, never too late to turn. 亡羊补牢,为时未晚。(2) 一般来说,形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing等不定代词时, 要放在这些词的后面。I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。Have you done anything interesting this week? 这星期你做了什么有趣的事了吗?There is nothing wrong with you. 你没有错。Lesson 39: Dannys Hobby1. Thank you very much fo

22、r your letter about Great Great Grandpa Rex. 非常感谢您有关曾曾祖父雷克斯的来信。thank sb. for sth. 意思是“因为某事感谢某人”;thank sb. for doing sth. 意思是“因为某人做了某事而感谢某人”。Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。I must thank you for telling me the news. 我必须感谢你告诉我这个消息。2. Its fun, and it makes me feel proud. 它很有趣而且让我感到自豪。make sb. do sth. 表示

23、“让(使)某人做某事”,其句型结构是“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”。The boss makes him work ten hours a day. 老板让他一天工作十小时。feel proud 的意思是“感到骄傲”,为“系动词 +形容词表语”结构。feel hungry 感到饥饿;feel sad 感到伤心。类似的结构还有:look well 看起来气色好;smell delicious 闻起来很香;sound reasonable 听起来很有道理;taste terrible 尝起来难吃。3. He got his eggs from his own hens and milk from hi

24、s own cows. 他自己养鸡和奶牛来获得鸡蛋和牛奶。get. from. 表示“从获得”。We can get knowledge from books. 我们可以从书本中获得知识。We can always get help from our parents when we are in trouble. 当我们遇到麻烦时,经常能从父母那里获得帮助。4. Most people dont have cows or chickens anymore. 大部分人们已经不再养牛和鸡了。(1) most 在这里为形容词,表示“大多数的,大部分的”。Most of the teachers in

25、 our school are men teachers. 我们学校大部分是男教师。Most of the students have passed the exam. 大部分学生都已经通过了考试。most 还可以用做 much 的最高级,表示“最,最多(大);非常,很”。Of all the subjects, I like math most. 在所有科目中,我最喜欢数学。most 与多音节或部分双音节形容词放在一起,构成这个形容词的最高级,表示“最”。It is one of the most wonderful lms that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的

26、电影之一。(2) not. anymore ( 美式用法 ) = not. any more ( 英式用法 ),意为“不再”。I dont like this pair of shoes anymore. 我不再喜欢这双鞋了。not. anymore (any more) 可以和 no more 替换。这句话也可以写成:Most people have no more cows or chickens.Key Phrasesnot anymorefeel proudin ones free timeall kinds oftake upwork well with othersLesson 4

27、0: Whats Pauls Hobby?1. Its made of wood and cardboard. 它是由木头和硬纸板制成的。be made of和be made from都表示“由制成”,主语为制成品。be made of 表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的质和形状,制作过程仅发生物理变化。be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认。The kite is made of paper. 风筝是用纸做的。The paper is made from wood. 纸是木头做的。但在日常口语使用中,区分的并不是很严格。2. What do I do with my rockets? 我怎样处理我的火箭呢?do with 意思是“处置;忍受;相处”,常与连接代词 what 连用,而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用。He is easy to do with. (=

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