非谓语动词学案教师简洁版可编辑修改word版文档格式.docx

1、The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。（三）不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish 等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen. We hope to get the

2、re before dark.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，常常用 it 代表不定式，而表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。（一）不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.To lose heart means failure.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。To wait is better than to leave. 等待比离开好。注: 1） 不定式作主语时,谓语用 数将真实宾语放在补足

3、语之后。如：Do you think it better to translate it in this way?你认为这样翻译是不是更好？I feel it my duty to serve the people heart and soul.汉译英I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 2） 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用 it 做形式主语，而将不定式 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。放到谓语的后面。it 做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词

4、之后常用于下All of us think it important to study English well.列结构中：（1）It is/was +adj.+of sb. to doIts good/kind/nice/bad/clever/wise/silly/stupid/foolish/ honest（2）It is/was +adj.+for sb.+to doIt is easy / difficult / hard / likely/probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important（3）It is +a +名词+

5、（for） to do.lIt is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ones duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job to do（4）It takes （sb.） some time / courage / patience to dol It requires courage / patience / hard work to doIts kind of you to help me。你帮我是好的Its silly of the students to cheat in the e

6、xamination.学生考试作弊是愚蠢的Its an honor for us to attend such an important meeting 参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。Its good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。It is ve

7、ry hard to finish the work in ten minutes.十分钟完成这件工作是难的。It takes us two hours to fly to Paris from here.大家认为学好英语很重要。Do you consider it better not to go? 你认为不去更好吗（四）不定式做宾语补足语 如：He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street.汉译英：I would like you to help me with my English exercises.我想请你帮我做

8、英语练习。I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。注：1. 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，在主动语态中作宾补的不式不可带 to，这些动词有三使、两听、五看、一感觉、半帮助。have, make, let, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice; feel, hI felt my blood run cold. What made you think like that?但如果句子是被动语态，则 to 不可省略。He was mad

9、e to clean the windows as a punishment. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.Though he often make shis little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。He is often heard to sing the song. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。2get,等词也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有 to。I

10、ll get him to try it again. 我将让他再试一次。 3. allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,等跟 doing 作宾语，跟不定式做宾语。但 refuse, agree, hope, demand 等不跟复合宾语。（五）动词不定式做定语 too to His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.序数词、形容词最高级或被 only, last, next 等词修饰的名词可以用 only to find, only to be told 出乎意料之外的结果不定式作定语。We

11、 students should have the courage to face any difficulty.What I said to make you angry.注意：tooto 通常表示太而不，但在下列句子中没有否定不定式为不及物动词或所修饰的名词是地点、工具等，应有必 的意思。要的介词。Give me a knife to cut apples with.（削苹果）Some people have no house to live in （住） especially in Beijing. The fox found a box to stand on （站在上面）.Could

12、 you lend me a pen to write with（写字） This is the tool to work with （劳动）.Give me a piece of paper to write on（写字）. I have nothing to worry about （担心）.如果不定式修饰 time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.（六）不定式做状语She is only too glad to stay at home. 她

13、太想留在家里了。He is too anxious to know the examination results.他很急切地想知道考试结果。The question is too difficult for me to answer.对我来说，这个问题很难回答。He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.他说他足够聪明可以独自应付这件事。Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? 请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗？He woke up only to find himself i

14、n hospital.他醒来发现自己在医院里。The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适合饮用。不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原 The room is very comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服因 等。1、 表目的例如：To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best He came here in order to see Charlie.I turned the radio down so as not to disturb himIn

15、order to protect the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。2.不定式作形容词的状语Im glad to meet you.Im anxious to know the result. Im sorry to say that.They are surprised to learn of his death.得知他死亡的消息，他们很惊讶。We are proud to be young people of new China.成为新中国的青年，我们感到

16、很骄傲。He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again. 另外，hard, difficult, easy, fit，comfortable 等词也可以接动词不定式。今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。1. in order to 置于句首或句中 ， so as to 只放在句中. In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.2.不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语e.g. He bought a bicycle to

17、go to town more quickly.判断正误：To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means.To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.这时候，作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外，还可以是表示物的词。The bed is comfortable to lie on.The question is easy to solve. Th

18、e box is heavy to carry.The ice is too thin to skate on. She is nice to work with.3 不定式做目的状语放在句末时不用逗号，而 Ving 做目的状语 The pen is smooth to write with.放在句末时用逗号。He worked hard to enter key university. He worked hard, entering key university.2. 表结果不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型 so as to Would you be so kind as to lend

19、 me your bicycle / tell me the time? such （） as to Im not such a fool as to believe that. adj./adv. + enough to The boy is old enough to go to school.后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系，此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则需要带上适当的介词。与疑问词连用。疑问代词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when,where, how 连词 whether 等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语， 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。H

20、ow to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Im not sure whether to go to the re.On hearing the news, he didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。介词后一般不直接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。不定式符号 to 可

21、省略。I have nothing to do but lie down and sleep They did nothing but watch TV last nightMary gave some advice on how to learn English. 玛丽提了一些如何学完成句子：习英语的建议。I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道该怎么做。不定式的复合结构由 for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。由 for 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用： easy / difficult / ha

22、rd / probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.主语你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。Its time for us to go to school.定语There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. 定语Can you arrange for a car to take us there?宾语Its for you to decide. 表语He

23、put the paper on the desk for you to read.状语完成句子：His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools. 昨晚上我除了修理农具外，没有做其它的事情。Now there was nothing he could do except admit defeat. 现在他只有认输。如 but 之前没有 do，其后的不定式则一般要加 to。Im afraid we have no

24、choice but to take a taxi.恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘出租车了。They desired nothing but to succeed. 他们只想成功。在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号 to可省略。 完成句子：I really dont know what to say and do. 我真的不知道该说什么，该干什么。Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.? 你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？当主语部分有动词 do 的某种形式时，

25、用作表语的不定式可以省略to。All you do now is （to） complete the form. 你现在要做的只是由 of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用： brave, 把这张表填好。The only thing to do now is （to） go on. 前进是现在唯careless, good, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, foolish, thoughtful, 一的出路。thoughtless, wise clever,等。Its kind of you to say so. 完成句子：Its b

26、rave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿不定式的省略1.不定式省略 to 的规则：但如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号 to 不可被省去。To wait is better than to leave.I came not to scold you but to praise you.我是来夸你的，不是来骂你的。The purpose of the new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more dif

27、ficult. 前面我们已经谈到，在一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易，而不是使生活更艰难。语时，不定式符号 to 常常省略，下面还有几种情况请大家注意： 2. 省略 do 保留 to： 在 why 引起的一些疑问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或 not+动词上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语，下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结原形。Why spend so much money? 为什么花这么多钱？Why not let her have a try? 为什么不再让她试一试？构时，往往要省略动词不定式，但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不定式符号 to。1. 若被省略的不定

28、式为 to be 短语，则通常应保留 to be。He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。在 had better（还是最好）, had best（最好，顶好）, would 2. 有时省略不定式时，同时也可省略 to。rather（ 宁可， 宁愿）, would rather than（ 宁可 而不）, 如：She may go if she likes （to）. 她想去就可以去。would sooner（ 宁可， 宁愿） , would sooner than（ 宁可 而 高中阶段常见的不定式短语：不）, cannot but（不得不，

29、必然）, cannot choose but（只得）, 高中阶段常见的一些不定式短语可以作谓语，如：be able to do（能， cannot help but（不得不）等结构后直接跟动词原形或 not +动词原形。会）, be about to do（即将做）, used to do（过去常常）, beYoud better listen to your teachers opinion.你最好听一听老师的看法。I would rather work than stay idle. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐。Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 他宁愿挤公共汽车也不愿骑自行车。Liu Hulan would rather die than surre