新编语用学教程课后答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、d.“ Idea ” doesn t have color and can t sleep since it is inanimate. The whole sentence doesn t make sense.（2）a. it can be used for communication in a context where John shares some personality with Hitler.b. when John is a poor player of golf.c. in a context where a certain boy has done something w

2、rong （out of naughtiness）.（3）when the sentence is used in poetry to personalize the word idea. 3.（1） a. In an entrance of a park.b. In the restroom of some public places like an airport.a. People are forbidden to bring dogs into the park.b. This place is for adults to change infantdiapers.4.（1） Here

3、 the speaker wants to express his complaint that the couple are talking too loudly （and the implicit request for them to stop talking）.（2） By saying so, the young man wants to convey their refusal to “ my” request.The background knowledge we need is that since it is usually impolite to listen to oth

4、er people private conversation, it is normal that hear a word“（thusI” canthe t couple can continue their talk）.5.（1） This notice implies that all those who jump the red light are uncivilized, whatever the reason.（2）讲卫生的人不会随便吐痰。6. （1） This is an advertisement for a holiday inn and its food is so deli

5、cious that it canmake the customer s wife jealous. The “ French toast ” probably means a type of specialty provided by this holiday inn.（2）C: 你去哪里？吃饭了没？E: How are you?How s everything going?7. （1） He means he doesn t speak French.（2）Russian majors don speaktFrench.（3）Yes. It helps to indicate a nega

6、tive answer.8.（1） a. He uses “ that ” under the assumption that his mom knows which letter is being referred to.b. He uses an imperative sentence to ask her mother to close the window, which is impolite.（2） Johnny: Mom, Ping Ping is coming to visit us this afternnoon.Mother: Who is Ping Ping?（3） Wan

7、g: It s not my fault, is it?Li: Yes.-Native speaker: Hi, you look good.Zhang: Not good, not good at all.Exercises Task3.1. when we get someone to do something, we tend tominimize the effort to be involved, but when we complain we tend to exaggerate the complaint. People want to be polite by mitigati

8、ng（ 缓解 ,减轻 ,平静 ）the imposition, which is face-threatening.2.The first imperative is a general grammatical form, but the second, though still an imperative, can be used to sound more polite because of the addition of will you3.（in the office）Boss: Come to my office later.Clerk: Yes, sir.-（during the

9、afternoon tea） How is your dad, Tom? He s fine. Thanks, Pat.4.He wants to suggest that he did not break the window because he was engaged with （? ） in something else in other places.5.In the novel The Catcher in the Rye,Holden, a middle school student always breaks the pragmatic conventions and in t

10、hat way shows his rebellion.6.While we teach English to Chinese students, we not only impart linguisticinformation （phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax of English） but also pragmatic information （appropriate use of English in dynamic context）. For instance, how we can use the question tag（反

11、了？ tag questions） to sound more tentative and be polite.Unit 1Check your understanding1.f That is the view held by John Austin in the early stage.2.f Implicit performative utterances do not have a performative verb.3.f4. f The completion of the perlocutionary act requires the addressee s cooperation

12、.5. t1.（1） If you ve ever said “ I promise ” or “ I apologizeerformed”those,you have pactions by the simple act of saying them. But “ I know ” and “ I believe ” aredeclarative. Saying them does not bring about any immediate change in the belief or knowledge of the speaker.（2）a. I wish you a great su

13、ccess. I admit I m wrong.b. I misunderstand your point. I see what you mean.（3）Yes. For example, when we say 我在这里“向你道歉 ”，we are performing the act of apologizing.（?）2.（1） “ A full apology ” here means a wholly performative utterance of apology like“ We apologize to the Chinese government and the Chi

14、nese people ” . Indeed, “ sorrnot a performative verb.（2）To some extent,“ sorry ” can implicitly perform the act of apology.3.（1）The kidnapper intends to perform the acts of threatening and requiring.（2）He wants to make his words sound like an advice instead of a threatening.4.（1） a. locutionary act

15、: the act of verbally saying “ Today is not a free admission dayillocutionary act: it implicitly requires people to pay the admission fee.perlocutionary act: people pay the admission fee （if at all）.b. locutionary act: the act of verbally saying “ Thank you for your generous donationand your support

16、 ”. it implicitly urges people to donate. people donate money （if at all）.a Admission fee required todayb We expect your generous donation and your supportThe first is chosen to beless imposing. The second is chosen toattractpeople sdonation.5.（1） No, it is not a verdictive. It is just an advertisem

17、ent from s（a） hotel whose name happens to be “ Jurys ”.（2）The proprietor plays a game of words to attract customers. ExercisesTask 3 1.a. constative? locution:“ No smoking in this area” . Illocution: Forbidding peoplefrom smoking here. Perlocution: People do not smoke here.b. constative. Locution:“

18、Ticket passengers only Asking passengers tobuy tickets if they want to （enter the museum）. Perlocution: Passengers buy tickets toenter the museum.c. constative. Locution:“ Token vending machine publicInformingof thethe fact that they can buy tokens through this machine. Perlocution: People buy token

19、sthrough this machine （if at all）.Yes. It solves the problem that constatives can indeed be regarded as implicit ways ofdoing things. Thus, all utterances are“ performative” in essence.Yes, I agree. Suppose A said to B“ it s stuffy here” . The actual effect may be that Aunderstood to becomplaining,

20、but the intended effect is that someone shouldopen thewindow or the door and it may bring B to perform the act instead of letting him justlisten to A s complaint.3. （1）a, （2）a, and（3）a are performative utterances and can stand the test“ hereHowever, in （1）b, （1）c and （2）b, （2）c,“ know” ,“ think ” ,

21、“ amuse” and“ flatteperformative verbs. In （3）b, the third person subject is used. In （3）c, simple past tenseis used.4.Both verdictives and exertives involve a demonstration of powers, rights, orinfluence. However, verdictives have theillocutionary force of issuing a formal or official judgment and

22、giving a verdict, while exertives involve making decisions in favor of or against a certain course of action, or advocacy of it.5.These utterances are nottrue or false, that is, not truth-evaluable. The uttering of them on formal occasions is or is part of thedoing of a certain kind of action, thepe

23、rformance of which, again, would not normally be described as just “ saying ” o“ describing something （cf. Austin 1962, 5）. e.g.“ This meeting is now adjourned. ”“ The court is now in session. ”“ This church is hereby de-sanctified. ”批准 ,认可 ,使合法化1.f It is criticized as lacking criteria for classific

24、ation.2.f The hearer is held responsible.4.t5.f1.（1）No, they are essentially directives.（2）“你能帮我还书吗，谢谢哦。 ”“ We ll be very grateful for your presence. ”（3）Because they expect other people compliances instead of refusals. One feels indebted 感激的 , 受惠的 , 蒙恩的 i f one does not comply with the request.（1）C

25、ommissives（2）Yes. The second promise is achievedwith a condition which may turn the promise （a commissive） into a requirement （a directive）.（1）No. Utterance a is a threat. Utterance b involves something that the speakercannot xcontrol. Utterance c describes somethingin the past rather than something

26、 that the speaker will do in the future. Utterance d involves an act that thehearer rather than the speaker will do in the future. Utterance e has a third person as the subject. Utterance f is a statement about something that happened in the past.（2）a. propositional content condition （what is said i

27、s about something that the speakerhas done wrongly）; b. sincerity condition （the speaker is serious or sincere in making the apology; c. preparatory conditions （e.g. the person who is apologizing should have made mistakes） d. essential condition （both sides understand that what the speaker says is a

28、n apology）. 好嘛，算我错了行了吧。 where the speaker is not sincere 4.（1）The customer when he says there is a fly in my soup （which is meant to be a complaint）.Because saying that can normallyattract the waiter s attenandtheionwaiterknows what to do in a context like this.Yes. Sometimes, we speak indirectly to save ouror others face.（3）Yes, I agree with her. Hearing the customer s words, the waiter may not take itseriously （if he is not joking）.The role of the underlined part is explaining the reason of t