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1、5.74.40.720.740.44表1-1-4 原油的元素组成元素组成，m%CHSNH/C原子比85 .8713.7386.2612.201.6885.1211.611.6285.8612.650.181.7586.1313.301.84大港85.6713.400.231.8686.3611.131.5385.0612.101.69江汉83.0012.810.47伊朗，轻质85.1413.13印尼，米纳斯86.2413.611.88加拿大，阿萨巴斯卡10.454.190.481.49美国，加州文图拉84.0012.71.701.80美国，堪萨斯84.2013.000.45前苏联，格罗兹尼85

2、.590.140.071.81前苏联，杜依玛兹83.912.32.670.33原油元素组成大致范围：8387%（m）1014%（m）0.055%（m）0.022%（m）O1. 052%（m）1.71.9CH95%（m） 我国原油元素组成特点：S含量低、N含量高各类烃的H/C原子比与碳数的关系烷烃CnH2n+2 H/C = 2 + 2/n 环烷烃（六员环）： 单环环烷CnH2n H/C = 2.00 双环环烷CnH2n-2 H/C = 2 2/n, n10 三环环烷CnH2n-4 H/C = 2 4/n, n14芳香烃 单环芳烃CnH2n-6 H/C = 2 6/n, n6 双环芳烃 CnH2n

3、-12 H/C = 2 12/n, n10 三环芳烃CnH2n-18 H/C = 2 18/n, n14图115 各类烃的H/C随碳原子数的变化表1-1-7 原油的馏分组成馏分组成，m%初馏点20020035035050050011.519.726.042.87.517.627.547.46.114.927.251.824.329.933.57.321.132.439.2中原19.425.123.232.315.428.929.71.721.265.63.720.635.440.3新疆九区18.328.751.30.39.133.257.411.930.224.833.124.925.724.

4、616.0283056.0 我国原油馏分组成特点： 轻馏分较少，重馏分较多， 500减压渣油含量较多（40%）。表1-1-8美国矿物局法原油分类指标关键馏分指标石蜡基中间基环烷基轻关键馏分API度4033.139.9330.82510.82560.85970.86020.82120.82170.85590.8564重关键馏分API3020.129.9200.87620.87670.93340.93400.87150.87300.92990.9306表1-1-9 按美国矿物局法划分的原油类别原油类别石蜡-中间基中间-石蜡基中间-环烷基环烷-中间基第一关键馏分（轻关键馏分）: 250275馏分,常

5、压蒸馏第二关键馏分（重关键馏分）: 395425馏分,减压蒸馏UOPK值分类法: T油品平均沸点（K） K值 原油归属 12.1 石蜡基 11.512.1 中间基 10.511.5 环烷基 密度分类法：归属320.8654轻质原油20320.86540.9340中质原油10200.93401.000重质原油101.000特重质原油表1-1-10 我国若干原油的分类硫含量m%类别0.8140.850低硫石蜡基0.520.852含梳石蜡基长庆0.080.8230.866低硫中间-石蜡基0.881含硫中间基0.8370.875低硫中间基0.8790.930含硫环烷-中间基羊三木0.8830.941低

6、硫环烷基表1-2-1 天然气的组成类型产地天然气组成v%CH4C2H6C3H8C4H2SCO2N2ArHeH2纯气田气四川 自流井97.760.530.040.890.670.0040.0290.008四川 阳高寺96.151.540.271.380.0600.005四川 卧龙河94.070.833.830.730.022四川 威远87.581.224.136.480.220.09凝析田气四川 遂南84.769.583.0414.130.950.0070.032四川 中坝88.607.020.0240.351.47美国 宾州87.845.382.510.301.05前苏联加涅夫88.53.82

7、.10.6油田伴生气大庆油田82.765.765.883.020ppm0.51.59胜利油田86.64.23.51.1辽河油田81.58.55.01.0华北油田74.3111.906.754.870.55表1-2-2 汽油馏分中主要单体含量（m%）美国邦加前苏联杜依玛兹沸程，初馏130初馏150初馏165初馏180五种正构烷合计41.0323.4324.121.2825.7431.61五种异构烷合计9.5915.1814.88.4710.0316.05五种环烷烃合计22.9623.3017.917.1319.0212.38五种芳香烃合计3.817.434.66.824.594.65上述20种烃

8、累计含量，%77.3969.3461.453.759.3864.69鉴定出的烃数目6050741349237表1-2-3 汽油馏分中环烷烃及异构烷烃的分布601456013060153环己烷类/环戊烷类2.31.91.33.1仅有一个甲基支链的异烷烃占总异烷烃的分率0.560.500.600.49备注石蜡-i-C15法呢烷（Farnesane） i-C16异十六烷i-C18降姥鲛烷（Norpristane）i-C19姥鲛烷（Pristane）i-C20植烷（Phytane） 几种烷烃类生物标志物：表1-2-4 汽油馏分的烃族组成烃族组成，m%烷烃环烷烃芳香烃57.040.06018048.44

9、2.129.463.07.6环烷-中间57.227.315.544.042.413.64020057.925.816.3宾夕法尼亚70228德克萨斯80180473320表1-2-5 汽油馏分中饱和烃的组成原油名称（美国）40200汽油馏分中饱和烃的组成，v%正构烷烃异构烷烃不戊烷系环己烷系奥克拉荷马35.720.523.420.434.432.213.420.018.220.317.344.2加里福尼亚10.021.541.0德克萨斯，温克勒61.68.4密西根63.113.28.015.7表1-2-6 减压馏分的族组成（液相色谱法）原油名称馏分族组成，m%饱和烃轻芳烃中芳烃重芳重胶质350

10、40040045045050086.584.076.28.69.92.42.73.20.71.657.824.48.95.46.64.054.257.359.022.712.410.59.47.48.82.09.0表1-2-8 不同原油400450馏分的烃族组成（质谱法），m%52.838.849.10.823.713.931.429.118.945.643.831.551.9一环环烷5.6二环环烷5.310.9三环环烷6.93.617.1四环环烷3.323.518.7五环环烷1.8六环环烷13.815.842.2单环芳烃7.86.88.3双环芳烃6.24.74.312.1三环芳烃1.42.8

11、6.5四环芳烃0.94.8五环芳烃0.1未鉴定芳烃0.4非烃6.35.1噻吩5.94.1图124 大庆原油200-500C馏分的烃族组成（石蜡基）图125 胜利原油200-500C馏分的烃族组成（中间基）图126 华北原油200-500C馏分的烃族组成（石蜡-中间基）表1-2-9 减压渣油的四组分组成减压渣油族组成，m%饱和分芳香分庚烷沥青质40.826.919.547.933.048.529.251.123.631.644.646.828.822.6阿加贾里23.351.255.6沙特，哈夫奇13.350.822.3表1-2-10 减压渣油的八组分组成饱和份轻芳烃中重戊烷沥青质6.017.4

12、14.311.114.214.17.78.213.717.711.310.1表1-2-11 胜利原油200500各馏分及减压渣油的结构族组成馏分（沸程）200250250300300350350400400450450500Cp%55.462.164.762.259.758.661CN%33.625.426.427.127.817CA%11.012.510.711.4RN0.770.620.710.991.89RA0.580.68表1-2-12 各种原油350500馏分的结构族组成71.062.450.566.574.562.564.020.232.015.99.717.511.214.01.

13、021.502.201.241.41表1-2-13 减压渣油的平均结构参数苏门塔腊委内瑞拉fA0.290.15fN0.11fP0.610.590.510.462.5原油基属石蜡-中间图131 原油各馏分中硫的分布表1-3-3原油中含硫化合物类型的分布原油产地硫类型分布，%硫醇硫硫醚硫二硫化物噻吩硫美，威逊1.8515.352.6盖杰里堡3.7580.3吉普-里维拉45.922.528.6阿尔兰3.05萨莫脱洛尔30.070.0奥伦波格2.3384.51.3622.465.7克利考克1.937.95.5表1-3-4 沙特阿拉伯原油常压馏分中含硫化合物类型的分布含硫量m%硫类型分布，m%（占馏分中

14、硫）二硫化物硫阿拉伯，特轻2010053.5639.643.292.9510015059.1432.144.292.8115020033.8057.212.606.102002500.2113.1051.371.1434.202503003.6326.890.2569.203003500.842.6223.780.0073.60阿拉伯，轻质0.03152.3621.9020.002.590.03529.7130.8016.2914.350.09511.1633.505.0548.140.2501.9140.800.6956.750.72029.3070.060.96024.6074.99阿拉伯，中质49.0035.459.004.4543.6033.9916.3216.3654.552.2726.4548.2550.901.0625.2874.441.4621.230.0