初高中衔接课程10名词性从句Word文档格式.docx

1、 Linda said that the train had left.（3） 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a piece of good news注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the picnic.2. 引导词与动词不定式或

2、not 连用时， 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or not?3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.eg, You cant work the plan out if you dont have the meeting .例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. The teacher asked the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was

3、 Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted2 Could you tell me _ ?A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with youC. whats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you .3.He asked me _ I could sing the song “My Heart will Go On.”

4、A. if B. weather C.what D. that4.Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns5. It makes no difference _.A. whether will you come tomorrow.B. Whether or not will be pass the examC. If he will come to the meeting or not D. Whether he will come to the meeting or

5、 not6. They dont know _ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which7. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who 8. The old man told us _ and _. A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do 练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！1.

6、-Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? - Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you. A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2.- Today or tomorrow? - What are you talking about? - We are talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when

7、D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are you sure you have to ? Its been very late. - I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you please tell me _? - In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was yo

8、ur mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6. The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to pl

9、ay basketball with us? - I think theyll come if they _ free. A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be8. -Where does he come from ? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost t

10、he computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer10. -Do you know _? - Im not sure. Maybe he is a businessman. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do名词性从句一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。1When he w

11、ill come is still unknown. 2I dont know who has watered the fields. 3The problem is that we need more money.4Have you heard the news that our team won the game?二、引导词：1. 连词:that , if, whether, as if/though 2. 连接代词:who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever 3. 连接副词:when, where, why, because, how how long

12、,how often, wh-ever三、引导词的作用：1 连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分。 2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语1主语从句：在复合句中作句子主语的从句。引导词：连词that、whether; （if）疑问代词who,whom, what, which; whose, wh-ever疑问副词when, where, how, why, wh-ever，how much, how long,（1）连词that（无词意）, whether（是否）, 在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用; whet

13、her能引导主语从句，而if不能。That you dont like him has nothing to do with me.Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.（2）疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.What surprised me most was that such a little girl co

14、uld play the violin so well.Which school will win the prize is not known.Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.Whichever you take will be yours.Whoever wants this book may take it.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.（3）疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语When they

15、 will start hasnt been decided yet.Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.Why he often comes here is known to us all.（4）用it作形式主语的主语从句常用的句型有：Its said that（guessed, thought, believed, expected, su

16、pposed.）It is certain thatIt seems/ happens thatIts possible/ important/ necessary/ clear/natural that,该句型从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气形式：should+动词原形。It is necessary that we should learn some English grammar.1.一个主语从句的谓语动词用单数, （what引导的有时例外）2.通常为了句子平衡用it做形式主语,而将主语从句放于句尾。3.由that引导的从句，that虽然没有什么意思，但是却不能省略。4.WH引导的从句,引导词

17、放于句首，从句用陈述句语序。5.放于句首时表示是否只用whether, 用IT做形式主语之后，主语从句放于句尾时whether与if均可以。2.表语从句：在复合句中作句子表语的从句引导词有that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, because, as if/though等（1）引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.the rea

18、son后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because”的错误The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and hard-working.（2）在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略His suggestion is that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss

19、the problem.（3）whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。The question is whether we can rely on him.（4）连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除起连接作用外，还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。Thats what he is worried about.（在从句作中宾语）The problem is who can do the work.（在从句中作主语）（5）连接副词when, where, why, how起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。Thats why

20、 I was late.That is where he was born.That is how he did it.连词because一般只引导表语从句，只用在That/This/It is because结构中That is because she often works hard.（原因）区分：That is why she often works hard.（结果）As if/as though 也一般只引导表语从句，常常在：It seems/looks as if/thoughIt seems as if he has known everything,3宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾

21、语的成分。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语，也可作动词不定式等非谓语动词形式的宾语，还可作某些形容词的宾语从句。Jenny thought （that） her teacher was unfair.注意在方框里的从句what和which的成分以及它们的区分：Id like to know which one is your husband.Id like to know which present I can buy among these.I d like to know what present I can buy for my Mums birthday.You can n

22、ever imagine what difficulty we had walking through the storm.You may guess how difficult it is to live alone in a deserted island.I am sure （that） he wont mind.It all depends on whether they will support us.1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：（1）介词宾语从句的that不省略 They share little in common except that

23、 they are from the same country. We talk about that we must have a goal both in life and everyday.（2） and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible tha

24、t he could finish it in such a short time2许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是：主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.We find it puzzling where the problem is.4.同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。经常带同位语从句的名词有fact, news,word,order,request, message,information, doub

25、t, possibility,chance, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question.view等。引导词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等（1）that, whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分。The idea that England stands for fish& chips is past.There is no doubt that the price of cars will go d

26、own.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.（不能用if）（2）连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how在从句中作相应成分。He cant answer the question how he got the money. The question who should go abroad requires consideration.I have no idea which one I should choose.Ive go

27、t a pretty good idea why they left early.The question where we should go has not been discussed.I have no idea when Jack will be back.We expressed the hope （that） they had expressed.我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）从语法角度上看，

28、引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。Ive heard the news that he visited our factory.Ive heard the news that he told you the other day