定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx

1、定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习定语从句 一(关系代词的用法)一. 定语从句概念1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系_ : 有_, _ , _, _, _, _等；关系_ : 有_, _, _等。关系词常有3个作用： 引导定语从句。 代替先行词。 在定语从句中充当一个成分。注意：根据先行词与定语从句之间有无逗号隔开，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义是先行词不可缺少的定语

2、，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明删除后意思仍完整译法翻译成先行词的定语，“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句限制性定语从句举例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becom

3、ing more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）二.引导定语从句的关系代词1. who指_，在从句中充当_(1) The boys who are

4、playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.(3) In the meeting I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party.2. whom指_，在定语从句中充当_，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口

5、语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指_，在定语从句中做_或者_，做_时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于_或者_；指物时，相当于_。在定语从句中做_或者_，做_时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit t

6、he city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做_(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The class

7、room, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom, of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.【详细讲解】. 关系代词that和which的用法(一) 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况:1当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, f

8、ew, much等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3

9、. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only, just修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which

10、is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (二) 当先行词指事/物时, 定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况:1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只用which(1) Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which made the others envy him.(2) He always stays a

11、t home at weekend, which his brother thinks is unbelievable.2. 当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which(1) This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。(2) This is the pen which (/that) Im looking for. (三) 关系代词who, whom和whose的用法1. 先行词指人，在从句中作主语时，用who；(1) She is the girl who/th

12、at lives next door.2. 当先行词为those时，用who；(2) Those who will join in my birthday party are my best friends.3. 在There be句型中主语作为先行词指人时，用who；(3) There is a great man who saved his country with his partners.4. 先行词指人，在从句中作宾语时，可以用whom和who；(4) Thats the girl whom/who/that I teach.5. 在定语从句中做定语时，用whose。(5) This

13、 is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(6) This is the house whose window broke last night. 关系代词as引导的定语从句 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(一) 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：1. such + 名词 + as 像一样的，像之类的 the same + 名词 + as 和同样的 其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。(1) We have found such materials as

14、are used in their factory.(2) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(3) He is not the same man as he was ten years ago. 注意：suchas引导的定语从句与suchthat引导的状语从句的区别：(1) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(2) He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.2. such as such为代词，意为“这

15、样的人或物”；as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。(1) This book is not such as I expect.（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句的区别as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；as有“正如，正像”的意思which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。意为“这一点”。(1) As is known to all, China is a devel