Information Systems in BusinessChap006docresWord文件下载.docx

1、 1. Understand the concept of a network. 2. Apply Metcalfes law in understanding the value of a network. 3. Identify several major developments and trends in the industries, technologies, and business applications of telecommunications and Internet technologies. 4. Provide examples of the business v

2、alue of Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. 5. Identify the basic components, functions, and types of telecommunications networks used in business. 6. Explain the functions of major components of telecommunications network hardware, software, media, and services. 7. Explain the concept of

3、 client/server networking. 8. Understand the two forms of peer-to-peer networking. 9. Explain the difference between digital and analog signals. 10. Identify the various transmission media and topologies used in telecommunications networks. 11. Understand the fundamentals of wireless network technol

4、ogies. 12. Explain the concepts behind TCP/IP. 13. Understand the seven layers of the OSI network model. SUMMARY Telecommunications Trends. Organizations are becoming networked enterprises that use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications networks to support business operations and coll

5、aboration within the enterprise and with their customers, suppliers, and other business partners. Telecommunications has entered a deregulated and fiercely competitive environment with many vendors, carriers, and services. Telecommunications technology is moving toward open, internetworked digital n

6、etworks for voice, data, video, and multimedia. A major trend is the pervasive use of the Internet and its technologies to build interconnected enterprise and global networks, like intranets and extranets, to support enterprise collaboration, e-commerce, and other e-business applications. The Intern

7、et Revolution. The explosive growth of the Internet and the use of its enabling technologies have revolutionized computing and telecommunications. The Internet has become the key platform for a rapidly expanding list of information and entertainment services and business applications, including ente

8、rprise collaboration, electronic commerce, and other e-business systems. Open systems with unrestricted connectivity using Internet technologies are the primary telecommunications technology drivers in e-business systems. Their primary goal is to promote easy and secure access by business profession

9、als and consumers to the resources of the Internet, enterprise intranets, and interorganizational extranets. The Business Value of the Internet. Companies are deriving strategic business value from the Internet, which enables them to disseminate information globally, communicate and trade interactiv

10、ely with customized information and services for individual customers, and foster collaboration of people and integration of business processes within the enterprise and with business partners. These capabilities allow them to generate cost savings from using Internet technologies, revenue increases

11、 from electronic commerce, and better customer service and relationships through better supply chain management and customer relationship management. The Role of Intranets. Businesses are installing and extending intranets throughout their organizations to （1） improve communications and collaboratio

12、n among individuals and teams within the enterprise; （2） publish and share valuable business information easily, inexpensively, and effectively via enterprise information portals and intranet Web sites and other intranet services; and （3） develop and deploy critical applications to support business

13、operations and decision making. The Role of Extranets. The primary role of extranets is to link the intranet resources of a company to the intranets of its customers, suppliers, and other business partners. Extranets can also provide access to operational company databases and legacy systems to busi

14、ness partners. Thus, extranets provide significant business value by facilitating and strengthening the business relationships of a company with customers and suppliers, improving collaboration with its business partners, and enabling the development of new kinds of Web-based services for its custom

15、ers, suppliers, and others. Telecommunications Networks. The major generic components of any telecommunications network are （1） terminals, （2） telecommunications processors, （3） communications channels, （4） computers, and （5） telecommunications software. There are several basic types of telecommunic

16、ations networks, including wide area networks （WANs） and local area networks （LANs）. Most WANs and LANs are interconnected using client/server, network computing, peer-to-peer, and Internet networking technologies. Network Alternatives. Key telecommunications network alternatives and components are

17、summarized in Figure 6.11 for telecommunications media, processors, software, channels, and network architectures. A basic understanding of these major alternatives will help business end users participate effectively in decisions involving telecommunications issues. Telecommunications processors in

18、clude modems, multiplexers, internetwork processors, and various devices to help interconnect and enhance the capacity and efficiency of telecommunications channels. Telecommunications networks use such media as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, terrestrial microwave, communicat

19、ions satellites, cellular and PCS systems, wireless LANs, and other wireless technologies. Telecommunications software, such as network operating systems and telecommunications monitors, controls and manages the communications activity in a telecommunications network. KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS1. Analog

20、 （235）:An analog signal is one in which a base carriers alternating current frequency is modified in some way, such as by amplifying the strength of the signal or varying the frequency, in order to add information to the signal. Broadcast and telephone transmission have originally used analog techno

21、logy. An analog signal can be represented as a series of sine waves. The term originated because the modulation of the carrier wave is analogous to the fluctuations of the human voice or other sound that is being transmitted. 2. Bandwidth （249）:Bandwidth describes the transmission rate of a telecomm

22、unications media or network. 3. Bluetooth （239）:A telecommunications industry specification for short range wireless communications. 4. Client/Server Networks （232）:A client/server network is a computing environment where workstations （clients） connect to servers. 5. Coaxial Cable （236）:A sturdy cop

23、per or aluminum wire wrapped with spacers to insulate and protect it. Groups of coaxial cables may be bundled together in a bigger cable for ease of installation.6. Communications satellites （238）:Earth satellites that serve as relay stations for communications signals.7. Digital （235）:Digital descr

24、ibes electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in terms of two states. These states are typically represented as 0 and 1.8. Extranets （223）:A network that links selected resources on an organizations network to its customers, suppliers, or other business partners, using intern

25、et technologies.9. Fiber optics （236）:Fiber optics are a telecommunications media that uses cables consisting of very thin filaments of glass fibers to transmit laser light signals.10. Internet Service Providers （217）:An ISP is a company that provides access to the Internet to individuals and organi

26、zations.11. Internet Networking Technologies （214）:Internet networking technologies consist of hardware, software, and standardized protocols used to create telecommunications networks. 12. Inter-network Processors （242）:Internetwork processors such as bridges, routers, hubs, or gateways to other ne

27、tworks. 13. Intranets （221）:Intranets are secure, Internet-like networks for use only within an organization.14. Legacy systems （232）:Legacy systems refer to an organizations outdated business information systems.15. Local Area Networks - LANs （229）:A LAN is a communications network that connects co

28、mputers, terminals, and other computerized devices within a limited physical area such as an office, building, floor, manufacturing plant, or worksite. 16. Metcalfes Law （210）:Metcalfes Law expresses the value of a network as the square of the number of its users. 17. Middleware （214）:Middleware is

29、a general term for any program that serves to glue together or mediate between two separate programs. 18. Modems （MOdulation - DEModulation） （241）:A modem is a device that converts the digital signals from input/output devices into analog signals for transmission over an analogue carrier at the send

30、ing node and converts analog signals back into digital signals at the receiving node.19. Multiplexer （243）:An electronic device that allows a single communications channel to carry simultaneous data transmissions from many terminals.20. Network （210）:An interconnected system or systems.21. Network A

31、rchitectures （245）An organizations telecommunications environment including computers, software, communications standards, and transmission media.a. Open Systems Interconnection - OSI （214）:A seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection （OSI） developed by the International Standards Organization （ISO） to serve as a standard model for network architectures in order to promote an open, simple, flexible, and ef