版高考英语专题化语法贯通市级重点高中版讲义专题十 并列句与状语从句Word格式文档下载.docx

1、他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。（2）“祈使句and/or陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Give me a chance, and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.给我一个机会，我会还你一个奇迹。.单句语法填空（2016四川高考）It was time for her to have a new baby，_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析： and根据语境可知，“It was time for .”和“it was also time for .”之间是并列关系

2、，故用and连接。（2015广东高考）One day, the cow was eating grass _ it began to rain heavily. whenbe doing sth.when .“正在做某事，这时突然”。（2014全国卷）But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months. or“a few days”和“a few months”之间为选择关系，因此要用or连接。（2014广东高考）We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for tha

3、t week，_ for the week after. butnot .but .为固定结构，表示“不是而是”。.单句改错（2017全国卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car，my mind went blank. sobut/yet此处表示“我认为我已经明白了教练的指令，但是车一启动，脑子一片空白”。由此可知，前后分句之间不是因果关系而是转折关系。（2017全国卷）I have grown not only physica

4、lly, and also mentally in the past few years. andbutnot only .but also .是固定短语，意为“不但而且”。（2016全国卷）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking. orand根据语境可知，新鲜的蔬菜与高品质的油二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。（2016全国卷）We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay a

5、t home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. butand第二句句意：我们如果待在家里，会感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，“comfortable”与“no need to spend money”之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系。状语从句1时间状语从句（1）when, while与as引导的时间状语从句连词从句谓语动词用法when延续性动词、非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边一边；随着”Metal

6、s expand when they are heated.金属受热时膨胀。While/When I was reading, he came in.我正在看书时，他进来了。The students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。As a young man （When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting.他年轻时喜欢打猎。（2）before与since引导的时间状语从句before与since的常用句式词义常用句式before在之前，还未就；才；趁，还没来得及（1）It will （not） be一段时间befor

7、e .“（没有）过（时间）才（就）”（2） It was not long before .“不久就”（3） It was时间段before .“过了（时间）才”since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since .（从句用一般过去时）It will be half a year before I come back.我半年之后才回来。It wont be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面。It was three days before he came back.三天后他才回来。since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句

8、谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。Its three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。（3）表示“一就”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句引导时间状语从句，且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely . when/before, no sooner . than .等。Direc

9、tly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor.你一感觉疼痛就必须去找医生。We will leave the minute you are ready.你一准备好，我们就出发。hardly/scarcely . when/before, no sooner . than .中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner .和hardly/scarcely .位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。

10、No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到火车站火车就开了。（4）until与till引导的时间状语从句until与till引导时间状语从句的区别位置until可以放在句首not . until可用于强调句型till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型I had waited a long time till/until he came back.他回来时我已等了很长时间。It was not until he told me about it again that I had any idea of it.直到他

11、又告诉我一遍我才明白。not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Not until he comes will we start our discussion.直到他来了我们才能开始讨论。until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。They waited till/until I returned.他们一直等到我回来。（5）引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词（短语）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last

12、 time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮助我们。by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。By the time we got there, the rain had stopp

13、ed.到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。2条件状语从句（1）引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if, unless, as/so long as, in case （万一）, once, on condition that, provided/providing （that）, supposing/suppose （that）等。Youll be late unless you get up earlier.除非你早点起床，否则你会迟到的。As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。Supposing that they

14、 refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we return it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末以前归还。（2）在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。In case there is a fire, what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？3让步状语从句（1）although, though,

15、 as与while引导的让步状语从句although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face.尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。Much as/though I have traveled, I have never seen anyone whos as capa

16、ble as John.虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他还是一个孩子，但他却懂很多。Try as he may, he never succeeds.尽管他很努力，但他从未成功过。although与though都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。though还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。I have got a cold. It is nothing much, though.我感冒了，不过不太严重。while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。

17、While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。（2）even if与even though引导的让步状语从句even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。even if与even though引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。E

18、ven if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。（3）“no matter疑问词”与“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句“no matter疑问词”相当于“疑问词ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.无论他说什么，不要相信他。whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter疑问词”不可以。（4）whether . or （not）

19、 .引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你相信与否，这是真的。4原因状语从句（1）because/as/since/now that（短语）内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because一般放在主句之后直接因果关系强能主句前或后双方都知道的原因弱不能since/now that通常位于主句前The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。I

20、cant go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。Now that/Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在这儿，我们开始开会吧。（2）when （既然）, seeing that （鉴于，由于），considering that （考虑到）, in that （因为）等也可以引导原因状语从句The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and

21、that one about history.这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.既然步行五分钟就能到那里，你却乘出租车，真够愚蠢的。5结果状语从句（1）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so . that ., such . that .。在非正式语体中，由so . that ., such . that .引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：Mike is such an honest w

22、orker that we all believe in him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于他养不起家。名师指津为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装

23、语序。So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such . as to .。He was so clever a student that he won the first prize in the competition.He was so clever a student as to win the first prize in the c

24、ompetition.（2）除结果状语从句外，too . to .（太而不能）, enough to . （达到某种程度可以）等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。He wasnt old enough to go to school.He was too young to go to school.他太小了，不能上学。（3）such . that .引导的状语从句与such . as .引导的定语从句的区别。首先观察两个句子：He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.（like后少宾语，as要在从句中充当成分，故该句为定语从句）他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。

25、He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.（从句中不缺成分，故该句为状语从句）他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜欢他。6其他状语从句状语从句类型从属连词地点状语从句where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere目的状语从句so that, in order that, in case （以免，以防）, for fear that （唯恐，以防）方式状语从句as, as if/though比较状语从句as .as, not as/so . as, the same . as, 比较级thanWe must ca

26、mp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。Ill speak slowly so that you can make sense of what I said.我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。He is taller than any other student in our school.他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。名师指津so that与in order that引导目的状语从句时，常与

27、can, could, may, might连用，in order that引导的目的状语从句可以置于主句前或后，但so that引导的从句只能置于主句后。what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to DA对B而言正如C对D一样。Air is to us what water is to fish.空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样（重要）。浙江高考）Pahlsson screamed _loudly that her daughter came running from the house. so分析句子结构可知，此处为so . that .句式，表示“如此以至于”，so在此