高中英语备课参考 Witnessing timeWord文档格式.docx

1、defeat sb.（击败某人）。They defeated us in the game.他们在比赛中赢了我们。The old grannys hopes were defeated.老奶奶的希望破灭了。辨析：defeat，beat，conguerdefeat的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输；beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了；conguer更强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服者的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配。The public bet a lot of money on Tom, but he was defeated.人们为汤姆下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败

2、了。It was not until his third match that he finally beat Humphries.直到他的第三次比赛，他才最终打败汉弗莱斯。Some countries may be defeated but can never be conguered.有些国家可能被打败，但决不会被征服。2. seize vt. 抓住（时机等） Dont hesitate; seize the first opportunity that comes along! 别再犹豫了，一有机会就抓住它！ She seized on my suggestion and began w

3、ork immediately. 她采纳了我的建议，马上干了起来。grasp，grip，seize，snatch, grab grasp抓紧 / grip紧握；比grasp更强 / seize抓紧；还有“夺过去强占”的含义 / snatch较突然迅速的“掠夺” / grab匆忙，以满有把握的动作抓住某事I grasped him by the arm. 我抓住他的手臂。The frightened girl gripped her mothers arm. 那受惊的女孩紧抓住她母亲的手臂。They seized all the belongings of the peasants. 他们抢走了

4、农民所有的财物。The man snatched her bag and ran away. 那人抢了她的包逃跑了。Each of you may have a sweet, but dont grab. 你们每人可以吃一块糖，但不要抢。拓展：beyond sb.s grasp力量达不到。Grasp all, lose all. （谚）样样都要，全数失掉。within sb.s grasp力量达得到。3. unintentionally adv. 非故意地；非存心地；无意地You are likely to reveal information unintentionally.你很可能会无意间

5、泄露信息。A simple game, but I am destroying all game rules unintentionally.一个简单的游戏，我却在无意中破坏了所有的游戏规则。By driving prices down, Dell has unintentionally cut costs for its rivals too.戴尔压低价格的同时也无意间降低了其竞争对手的成本。I turned over the ink bottle unintentionally,and the ink spilled on the whole table.我不小心撞翻了墨水瓶，墨水泼了一桌

6、子。4. professional adj. 职业的；专业的；职业性的 n. 职业运动员；专业人员We need to create a professional sales strategy.我们需要建立一个专业销售策略。How to choose a more professional bankbook printer?如何选择更加专业的存折打印机?But few people knew at the time he was also once a professional pianist.然而那时很少有人知道他也曾经是一名专业的钢琴家。Military history is the pe

7、acetime laboratory for the professional soldier.军事历史是职业军人在和平时期的实验室。Football is a game of rules, professional football is a sport has its own rules.足球是一项有规则的游戏，职业足球是一项有规矩的竞技运动。5. prevention n. 预防；阻止；妨碍So again, we cannot underestimate the power of prevention.所以再一次，我们不能低估预防措施的作用。The team of disease co

8、ntrol and prevention need to be enforced.疾病预防和控制专业队伍需要予以全面加强。Education would be the best and final prevention against social evils.教育是防止社会罪恶的最好和最终的方法。Labor safety and disease prevention are regarded as the legal and moral obligation of the employer.维护劳工的安全与预防疾病已经成为雇主在法律和道义上的责任6. bother vt. 烦扰，打扰；vi.

9、 烦恼；操心，麻烦It seems like a simple enough question, but it does bother some people, especially in the West.这看起来是一个非常简单的问题，但很多人并不喜欢它，特别是在西方。You can bother me any day，except Saturday and Sunday, because thats a time for me and my family.你那天都可以打搅我，千万别在星期六和星期天，因为那是我和家人享乐的时间。7. impact vt. 撞击；冲突；影响；压紧 vi. 冲击

10、；产生影响 n. 效果；碰撞；冲击力 That story has a great impact on children.那个故事对小孩子产生很大的影响.For artists,the visual impact of the war was living.对于艺术家，战争的视觉冲击是活生生的。At present, the impact on market enthusiasm is the key issue price.目前，影响市场交投热情的关键问题还在于价格。Their aim was to create films which have a positive impact on s

11、ociety.他们的目的是拍摄能对社会产生积极影响的电影。We want you to realize your impact and the power you have to affect systems.我们希望你们了解你们的影响和你们的力量已经影响了系统。8. convenient adj. 便利的；方便的This is a convenient tool for the job.这对于那项工作是一件合适的工具。It provides a convenient scale length for barometer.这为气压计提供了适宜的刻度长度。Television is not on

12、ly a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one.电视不仅是在一种方便的娱乐来娱乐源，而且也是相对便宜的一种。The Internet is a very convenient way to communicate and share information with people all over the world.因特网是一种非常方便的与世界各地的人们进行交流和分享信息的方式.9. occur vi. 1.发生Dont let the mistake occur again. 不要这种错

13、误再次发生。2.出现, 被发现, 存在These plants occur in Africa only.这些植物只在非洲才有。3.被想到A flesh idea occurred to him.他想到一个新主意。occur；happen；take place 三者都表示“发生”，都是不及物动词。happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。occur 指“发生”时可与 happen 换用，但后接to sbsth时，两者含义不同：happen to sbsth 指不好的事情发生在某人（物）身上；occur to sbsth 指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”。ta

14、ke place 表示“发生”，可与 happen 或occur换用，但其后面一般不接 to sbsth结构；指必然会发生的事情时，多用 take place；此外take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”。如：He happened to know the place 他碰巧知道那个地方。When did the earthquake occurhappen?地震是什么时候发生的？Didnt it occur to you to phone them about it？你难道就没想过给他们打个电话？Has anything happened to him他出什么事了吗？In 1919,

15、the May 4th Movement took place in China一九一九年，中国发生了五四运动。10. by prep. by way of 经；由；被 在旁边by bus （plane, train , ship, air.） 乘公共汽车（飞机，火车，船）by accident 意外地 = by chance by force 用武力 by heart 牢记 by mistake 弄错 by now 现在 by sea 由海路 by the way 顺便说 by then 到那时 11. in particular 尤其，特别I remember one time in pa

16、rticular.我尤其记得有一次。 She stressed that point in particular.她特别强调了那一点.She likes fruit and tomatoes in particular.她喜欢水果,尤其是西红柿。I like meat in general, and mutton in particular.我总的来说喜欢吃肉，特别爱吃羊肉。His speech refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular.他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。12. in honour of 为纪念；

17、为庆祝A temple was built in honour of the brave dragon.人们建造了一座庙来纪念那条勇敢的龙. They held a state funeral in honour of the statesman.这个国家的青年没有受到政治家的重视。I have cooked a special meal in honour of our visitors.我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。 There is a party tonight in honour of the new chairman.为向新任主席表示敬意，今晚将举行晚会。13. used

18、 to 过去经常；惯于In the past, the emperors used to spend the summer here.在过去，皇帝们常常在这里度过炎热的夏天。This kind of new machine relieves works of the heavy work which they used to have to do.这种新机器将使工人从过去所不得不从事的一切繁重的劳动中解脱出来。14. give up 放弃；交出We often hear people say, “Never give up.我们经常听到人们说：“不要轻言放弃。”To achieve the t

19、arget, work harder and harder. Never give up.为达到目标，必须比人付出更大努力，永不放弃。And learn to give up what we want, so we can choose to do what is right.学会放弃我们想要的东西，那么我们就能选择去做正确的事情。Unless you want to give up your friend,or you would never speak in this way.除非你想要断绝和你朋友的关系,否则你决不会以这种方式说话.辨析: give in, give up这两个短语动词作

20、“投降”讲时，通常可以互换使用。Completely surrounded by our troops, the enemy finally gave in / up.由于我军将敌军团团围住，他们终于投降了。give in还可表示“屈服；让步”的意思，此时它作不及物动词用，后不能跟宾语。Stubborn as he was, he finally gave in.他虽然很固执，但最后还是让步了。Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.双方都振振有词地辩论着，可谁也不服谁。give up 则还可表示“放弃（希望）；戒除”的

21、意思，作及物动词用，其后接名词或动词作宾语。All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search abandoned.要找到那架失踪的飞机已经毫无希望，于是搜索停止了。He soon gave up smoking when he heard the medical report.他听了那次医学报告后，不久就把烟戒了。15. carry out 执行，实行；实现；完成；贯彻It takes much time to carry out a test.进行试验是要花费许多时间的。The foundation is

22、 going to carry out a large study.这个基金会将执行一个巨大的研究项目。How to correctly carry out brand strategy planning?如何正确进行品牌策略规划？With these data, we can carry out the experiments we planned.由于有了这些资料，我们可以进行我们计划好的试验了。All things are planned in heaven and you merely carry out the plan.所有的事情都是在天上计划好，你们只不过执行出来。carry o

23、n, carry outcarry on意为“进行，继续”，强调一个行为的进行过程。它可以不跟宾语，也可接表示“工作，讨论，竞赛，战斗”等一类的名词作宾语，相当于continue。它另可作“经营”解，相当于manage。Dont let me interrupt you, just carry on.别让我打断你，请继续。Ill try to carry on the work in spite of difficulties.尽管有困难，但我还是会继续这项工作。Rising costs make it hard to carry on the business.成本上升给生意经营带来了困难。

24、carry out意为“进行，贯彻，实现”，含有按照某个要求或准则进行的意思。它必须接宾语，且宾语往往是表示“工作，活动，职责，命令，计划”等一类的名词。此词语相当于put into practice。I have some difficulties in carrying out her order.我感到执行她的命令有些困难。The government was trying to carry out the policy of family planning.当时，政府正尽力贯彻“计划生育”政策。Word power & Grammar and usage1. charge v.索价、要

25、价 n.费用 1.指控，控告 （with）： be d with murder2.要价，收费 sb. fifty cents for mending a pair of shoes3.主管，掌管 have charge of 短语：in charge of主管，掌管 in charge of the projecttake charge （of ） 掌管, 看管 take charge of the childrenfree of charge at ones own charge 自费under the charge of 在掌管（或看管）之下in charge of , in/under

26、the charge of这两个词组都是“负责”的意思，与别在于：in charge of 表示“（某人）负责某事”，含有主动意义；in/under the charge of 则表示“某事/人由某人负责”，含有被动意义。比较下面的句子： I was in charge of my brother.我在照看我弟弟。My brother was in the charge of me.我弟弟由我照看。take charge of 掌管，负责Tom will take charge of the company during the boss absence.老板不在期间由汤姆负责管理公司。 ch

27、arge sb. with sth. = accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人He charged her with stealing. 他指控她盗窃。2. permission n. 允许, 许可, 同意Ask for forgiveness, not permission.请求原谅，而不是许可。 Nobody can hurt me without my permission.我不答应，就没有人能伤害我。Do you mind if we contact them and ask their permission?您介不介意我们和他们联络，以请求他们的许可呢？I will not

28、 have people cough on my domain without my permission.我不许人家在我家里不先得到我的同意就咳嗽。permit, allow, let, promise, admit allow 日常用语，指允许某人做某事， 一反对某人做某事， 有消极的意味，侧重于听任、默许、不加阻止， 不按常规行事；permit含有积极的下面意义，多用于正式场合，指给予做某事的权利，如通过法令或正式条文“允许”做某事；allow可以和副词连用，permit 则不能；在表示客气的请求时，主语是you时应用permit, 以表示尊敬的请求，若主语用I， 则应用allow的被动形式； let 指允许某人做某事， 多用于口语中，祈使句中用let, let 一般不用于被动式，在被动式里改用allow;promise 表示“答应、许诺”，用于主语答应自己要做某事；admit 表示 “认可”，作“认为下当确实、允许、承认”