非谓语动词讲义及练习.docx

1、非谓语动词讲义及练习语法学案（非谓语动词）1Class _1_ Name 张君怡 Score _非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式To doTo be done动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式To be doing与谓语动作同时发生完成式To have doneTo have been done动作发生在谓语动作之前动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发

2、生完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前不定式一、不定式的作用1、 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job. / It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to

3、help us.2、 作宾语（1） 动词+不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等。（2） 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I dont know what to d

4、o next/ how to do it next. / I cant decide when to go there.3、 作宾语补足语（1） 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful. / I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, p

5、refer, encourage。（2） 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）4、作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live

6、in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）注意：不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say?5、作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, soas to, such as to, .enough to, tooto等。（1） 做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in or

7、der to, so as to, so(such).as to（如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。（2） 作结果状语，only to do (此处do通常是find)表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.（3） 做原因状语。如：We were very excited to hear the news.6

8、、作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：The question is how to put it into practice. / My question is when to leave.注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。（即to do是单数的）2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）二、不定式的时态和语态1、 不定式的时态（1） 现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope to see yo

9、u again. （2） 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. /He seems to have caught a cold.（3） 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be eating something.（4） 完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、 不定式的语态当不定

10、式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.三、省to 的动词不定式1、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. / They w

11、ere made to work the whole night.2、 使役动词 let, have, make.3、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.4、 Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.5、 前有do后省to（即前面有do的任何一种形式时，后面省去不定式的to）常用句式是but 和 except：He wants to do nothing but go out. （前面有do的某种形式，后面省略to）

12、 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.（这里前面没有do，后面还要带着to）四、动词不定式的否定式not to do。如：Tell him not to shut the window. / She pretended not to see me when I passed by.动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）一、 动名词的作用1、 作主语谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构：Its no good/use doing如：Seeing is believing. / Pla

13、ying with fire is dangerous. / Its no good waiting here.2、 作宾语I enjoy listening to music. / He often practices playing the piano in the evening.Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?(1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，

14、enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示， cant help 禁不住，cant stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于，fee like想要， be surprised at 对感到惊讶

15、be proud of 以为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功，be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃(2) 只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起(3) 接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，cant bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止(4) 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过Remember to do 记得要做 rem