高考英语备考艺体生百日冲刺专题06 非谓语动词解析版Word文件下载.docx

1、4. （2017全国二卷）When summer comes, they will invite their students 加to pick the fresh vegetables. 5. （2016全国二卷） We can choose between staying at home and take taking a trp. 1. 谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2. 过去分词与现在分词的错用；3. 不定式符号to的多余或缺失；4. to是介词还是不定式符号的误判。非谓语动词与语法填空非谓语动词与短文改错1. 对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断所给提示词是否要用其非谓语动

2、词。再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词，如：作主语、宾语用动名词或不定式；作目的状语常用不定式;作伴随状语常用现在分词等；2. 确定要用非谓语动词后，再根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系，动作发生的时间以及句意，判断出该使用何种非谓语动词形式。1. 检查谓语动词后是否该有不定式符号to；2. 检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确；3. 检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一致；4. 检查作主语和宾语的非谓语动词形式是否合适；5. 检査分词作状语是主动还是被动。必备知识梳理考点一非谓语动词作定语：一 不定式作定语1. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具时，不定式后面需有相应

3、的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 但是，当不定式所修饰的名词是time、 place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上会省略。2. 用不定式作定语的几种情况：（1）. 不定式与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系（2016四川卷语法填空） For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to eat. （2）. 用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或no、 all. any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主谓关系。She was the first woma

4、n to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. （3）. 有些与名词同形的后跟不定式的动词，它们用作名词时也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有 promise、plan、attempt、offer等。I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.二 分词作定语1. 作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词（doing），“ being+过去分词（done）”和过去分词（done）。当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主谓关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为动宾关系且表正在进行时，用“ being+过去分词”；当被修

5、饰的名词与非谓语动词为动宾关系且表已经完成时，用过去分词。The houses being built are for the teachers. （被动，正在进行）（2016浙江卷10） To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia. （被动，已经完成）2. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。boiling water沸腾的水（正在进行） boiled water开水（已经完

6、成）falling leaves正在下落的叶子（正在进行）fallen leaves已经落下的叶子（已经完成）developing countries发展中国家（正在进行）developed countries发达国家（已经完成）3. to be done、done和 being done作定语的区别to be done表被动和将来，done表被动和完成， being done表被动和正在进行。Have you read the novel written by Dickens? （表被动和完成）Listen! The song being played is very popular the

7、se days. （表被动和正在进行）The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is important. （表被动和将来）三 动名词作定语动名词作定语时主要用来说明被修饰词的用途。a fishing net 渔网（ a net for fishing）a swimming pool 游泳池（ a pool for swimming）考点二非谓语动词作状语：一 不定式作状语1. 不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语时，如果强调目的性，不定式前还可加in order或so as，构成 in order to do结构或 so as to do

8、结构。 in order to do结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首也可放在句中；so as to do结构只能放在句中。 in order to do结构和 so as to do结构置于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year（so as/ in order） to visit her. Every day we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world. 2. 不

9、定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用于soas to、suchas to、enough to、 only to（常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果）、tooto（太而不能）等结构中。Im not so stupid write it down.Jane hurried back, only to find that her mother had left. （不料却发现）Im too tired to stay up longer.注意: only tooto意为 “非常”。常用于此结构的形容词有pleased、 ready、 willing、gad、happy等。Im only too glad t

10、o have passed the exam. 3. 不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语，说明产生这种情绪的原因。常见的用于这类结构中的形容词有happy、glad、 sorry、 anxious、 proud、 disappointed、 angry、surprised、 ready、 delighted、 pleased等。You will never know how happy I was to meet her yesterday. 4. 在“主语十系动词十表语（形容词）+to do”结构中，句子的主语与不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，这

11、时，需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于该结构的形容词有easy、hard、difficult、 important、impossible、 interesting、 pleasant、nice、 comfortable、safe、dangerous等。This question is easy to answer. 二 分词作状语1. 分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义doing与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，与句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生having done与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生done与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表被动完成be

12、ing done与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表完成与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生having been done与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，表被动完成2. 分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与 while、when、once、if、 unless等连词连用。（2017全国二卷阅读理解）Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs（有机化合物） when being attacked

13、. （表时间）Generally speaking, if taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. （表条件）He glanced over at her, noting that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. （表结果）（2016天津卷） The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary. （表结果）Having been t

14、old many times, he still repeated the same mistake. （表让步）The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. （表伴随）三 独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，它们称作独立成分。 常见的有 generally speaking一般来说， frankly speaking坦白地说， judging from/by根据来判断， considering./ taking into consideration考虑到， to tell you the

15、 truth说实话， compared to/with与相比。Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong. Considering your health, youd better have a rest. To tell you the truth, 1 am a little tired.四 独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为“独立主格结构”。独立主格结构的特点：（1） 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；（2） 独立主格结构中作逻辑主

16、语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；（3） 独立主格结构与句子之间一般有逗号。独立主格结构的构成：（1） 名词/代词+分词；（2） 名词/代词+不定式；（3） with/ without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。With the test finished （When the test was finished）, we began our holiday.With weather permitting （=If weather permits）, we are going to visit you tomorrow.考点三非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语：一 非谓语动词

17、作宾语非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式。（1）. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语：suggest、 imagine、mind、 admit、 practice、allow、advise、risk、keep、 keep on、avoid、 escape、 enjoy、 consider、 finish、 miss、 insist on、look forward to、feel like、get down to、object to等。She admitted driving the car without insurance.（2）. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词和短语：wish、hope、de

18、cide、refuse、promise、 pretend、manage、plan、fail、choose、would like等。If I fail to turn up by 7 oclock, I will not be coming at all.（3）. 既可用动名词作宾语，又可用不定式的动词和短语：remember、forget、regret、stop、go on、need、start、begin、try等。forget to do sth忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing sth忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）stop to do sth停止、中断做某事（目的是去

19、做另一件事）stop doing sth停止正在做或经常做的事remember to do sth记住去做某事（未做）remember doing sth记得做过某事（已做）regret to do sth对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）regret doing sth对做过的事后悔（已做）try to do sth努力做某事try doing sth尝试做某事mean to do打算做mean doing意味着go on to do继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing继续（原先没有做完的事情）Remember to turn off the lights before you go to

20、 bed. I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper. （4）. it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词I think it important to learn English well.二 非谓语动词作宾补1. 感官动词（see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 look at、 hear、listen to、feel等）后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式（do/ doing/done，其中do是省略了to的不定式）。do表主动和完成（被动句中to要还原）， doing表主动或正在进

21、行，done表被动或完成。The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.2. 动词let、make、have、get、leave、keep、find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard.（make sb do 变被动语态时，需要加上to）3. 固定短语，如 advise/ allow/encourage/ request/ warn sb to do sth等。The patient was warned not to eat

22、oily food. 4. with复合结构常用形式：with sb/ sth doing（表主动且进行，或表特征）；with sth done（表被动且完成，或表状态）；with sth to do（表示将来）John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. （表被动完成）With a lot of difficult problems to solve, the newly elected president is having a hard time.（表将来

23、）With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village. （表主动进行）易错提示注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式（to do、doing、done）之间的区别，确认动作是主动还是被动，是正在发生还是已经发生。具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语 （即句子语） 之间的辑关系，再结合动作发生的时间（未发生、正在发生或已经发生） 来选择合适的非谓语动词形式。三 非谓语动词作主语、表语或其它1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。（1）. 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作，不定式作主语

24、表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Learning English is of vital importance for a middle school student. （2）. it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有“It is/ was no use/good + doing sth”、“It is / was not any use /good+doing sth”、“It is /was of little use/ good-+doing sth”、 “It is/was useless doing”、“its a waste of time doing

25、sth”等。2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语时意为“（事、物）令人的”，而过去分词作表语时意为“（人）感到的”。（2017全国一卷阅读理解） My next work was to build a nest and anchor it in a tree. The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.3. do/have+sth+but（to） do sth中的不定式用法，此结构要遵循“前有实义动词dobut后则无to，反之则有to”的原则。He did nothing

26、but complain. A卷真题卷单句填空题1. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ （die） early by running. 2. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ （improve） water quality.3. “Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _ （feed） its citizens offers usef

27、ul lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele. 4. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me_ （stay） and watch.5. They are required_ （process） the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.6. This included digging up the road, _ （lay） the track and then building a strong roof over the top.7. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants_ （prove） that she has brains as well as beauty.8. It was a great honor _ （invite） backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,