001高考名词性从句经典讲解Word格式文档下载.docx

1、（3）主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语置于句末。从句用that引导。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.It is still a mystery what caused the accident.（2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句It is certain that he will win the match.

2、It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（3） It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句It is said that he has gone to shanghai.（=He is said to have gone to shanghai）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.（4） It + 不及物动词 + that 从句It seems that he has seen the film.（=He seems t

3、o have seen the film）It happened that the two cheats were there. （=The two cheats happened to be there）【注意】1 在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用 （should） + v原形。It is necessary （important, natural, strange, etc.） that 2 在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常用（should） do。It is suggested （requested, proposed

4、, desired, etc.） thate.g. It is strange that he should do that.It is important that we all should attend the meeting.It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（二）表语从句引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后。The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。（how充当方式状语

5、）The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。（what 在表语从句中充当宾语）What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。（what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略） That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语） This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。It loo

6、ks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。（why 在表语从句中充当原因状语）“That is why.”是常用句型， 意为“这就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结， 又如： That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“T

7、hat is why.”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why.”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚： （1）“That is why.”与“That is the reason why.”同义， 只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why.”中why引导的是个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样， 例如：That is （the reason） why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。（2）“That is because.”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是

8、个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同，在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果， 例如：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因）He had seen the film before

9、. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。（第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果）需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却不能引导引导表语从句。as if 则可以。不像宾语从句，在有的表语从句复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 The

10、 question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.The question is why he cried yesterday.关于连系动词：系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。连系动词分6种（1） 状态系动词：只有be一词。如：She is always like that. 她总是那样。（2） 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest,lie,

11、 stand。I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。（3） 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems （to be） quite happy. 他好像很快活。（4） 感官系动词：表示“起来”，有feel（摸起来，感觉） , smell（闻起来） , sound（听起来） , taste（尝起来，吃起来） 等。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。Everybody feels contented. 每个人都感到很满足。（

12、5） 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runHe became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越来越严重了。Shes growing fat. 她正在发胖。When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到这，脸红了。His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了。The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就会变酸。W

13、e get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。Your hair has gone quite white! 你的头发全白了!When I mentioned it to him he went red. 我对他提及此事时他脸红了。He went mad. 他疯了The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不能挨饿。（6） 终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out（结果是，证明是） 等。His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。My intuition turned

14、out to be correct. 我的直觉证明是对的。（turn out表终止性结果）（三）宾语从句关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。一、3种宾语从句：1.动词的宾语从句（1）大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.（2）部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the con

15、cert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?（3）动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有：make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.（4）可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

16、动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important

17、that we （should） make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, have, take , owe, see to（注意）.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agr

18、ee with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是“wh-”类,则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.2.介词的宾语从句（1）用wh-类的介词宾语从句。We

19、are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.（2）用that,if引导的介词宾语从句。有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used

20、 to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.3.形容词的宾语从句此类形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等表心理状态的形容词，主句中做作表语。I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.二、注意事项：1. that的取舍：宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略。（1）当

21、主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better （2）当it作形式宾语时 She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him （3）当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe2. if,whether在宾语从句中的区别:if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find

22、 out等之后。（1）介词后用whether不用if；（2） 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后用whether, 不用if；（3） 从句后有or not, 用whether, 不用if；（4） 在不定式前只能用whether.（ I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）（5） 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.3.使用虚拟语气的场合（1）在表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。建议 suggest,advise,propose; 要求demand,desire,

23、request;决定 decide; 命令 order,command,require; 坚决主张 insistI insist that she （should） do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops （should） set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。（2）表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句中须用虚拟语气。 I wish I could fly （表示与现在事实相反的愿望过去式） I wish I had known it before （表示过去未实现的愿望用过去完成式） I wi

24、sh you would stay a little longer （来表示将来的愿望用would动词原形）4. 否定前移及完成反意疑问句（1）在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）We dont think you are here. are you ?我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. wont he?我相信他不会这样做。（2）完成反意问句时，应保持从句主谓一致。I dont believe

25、 they have finished their work yet,have they ?We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?【注意】若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。5.宾语从句谓语动词时态的选择（1） 当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句为任意时态.（2） 若从句是一个客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，从句用一般现在时。The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth ye

26、sterday. 老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.（3）当主句是过去时（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态从句用一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在

27、读.从句过去完成时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.（四）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词（一般是抽象名词）的同位语，一般位于该名词（news, fact,

28、idea, suggestion,promise, advice,demand,doubt,hope, information,message,order,problem,question,request,truth,wish,word等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连词 that、whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1. 引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，

29、可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如：（1）The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。（2） The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。例1是定语从句，that可省略；例2是同位语从句，that不能省略。（3）The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。（4） The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。例3中why引导的是定语从句，why可以被 for which或 that 代替；例4中 why引导的是同位语从句，why 不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。2. that作为关系代词，引导定语从句时，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，是一个纯连词，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略