考研英语模拟题及答案和参考译文二Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound， established materials that form the basis of 20 for beginners.1.A entity B auction C choice D coalition2.A whereas B though C while D for3.A off B forward C away D on4.A substantially B heavily C equally D misleadingly5.A stimul

2、ation B shift C progress D glamour6.A If B Although C Because D Supposing7.A prosperous B democratic C literate D thriving8.A unless B in case C when D only9.A experts B populace C voters D mob10.A subscribers B users C passers-by D victims11.A amid B between C upon D among12.A knowledge B data C in

3、telligence D quest13.A fair B wise C risky D proper14.A too B fairly C very D rather15.A incident B question C inference D impact16.A reaction B cooperation C interaction D relation17.A Conversely B Similarly C Accordingly D Presumably18.A primitive B ultimate C classical D initial19.A possibilities

4、 B capabilities C abilities D responsibilities20.A grounds B courses C doctrines D quotasSectionReading ComprehensionPart A Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1In the next century well

5、be able to alter our DNA radically， encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster， he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce，“Had I the right， for my own benefit， to inflict the curse upon everlasting gener

6、ations？”Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies？Probably not. Instead， well reach again for a time tested moral concept， one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant， the millenniums most prudent moralist， conjured up into a categorical imperative： Do unto others as y

7、ou would have them do unto you； treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end.Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning， because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humansends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of

8、 body parts， not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line， however fuzzy， that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual （IQ， physical appearance， gender and sexuality）。The b

9、iotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World， got it wrong： rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state， DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role， making sure that no one，

10、 including insurance companies， can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes： plotting the 10 billion or more n

11、eurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a“dry ware”machine， so that we could live on

12、 without the“wet ware”of a biological brain and body. The 20th centurys revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st centurys revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Lets turn the page now and get back to real science.21.Dr. Frankensteins remarks are mentioned in t

13、he textA to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs.B to highlight the importance of a means to some everlasting ends.C to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago.D to introduce the topic of moral philosophies incurred in biotechnology.22.It can be concluded from t

14、he text that the technology of human cloning should be employedA excessively and extravagantly.B reasonably and cautiously.C aggressively and indiscriminately. D openly and enthusiastically.23.From the text， we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion thatA DNA technology should be placed in the c

15、harge of individuals.B government should assume less control over individuals.C people need government to protect their DNA information.D old moral precepts should be abolished on human cloning.24.Judged from the information in the last paragraph， we can predict that the author is likely to write wh

16、ich of the following in the next section？A The reflection upon biotechnological morality.B The offensive invasion of our personal privacy.C The inevitable change of IQs for our descendants.D The present state of biotechnological research.25.According to the last paragraph，“dry-ware”is to“wet-ware”as

17、A“collective”to“individual”。 B“fictional”to“factual”。C“mechanical”to“corporeal”。 D“temporary”to“permanent”。Text 2Before a big exam， a sound nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That， at least， is the folk wisdom. And science， in the form of behavioral psychology， supports t

18、hat wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day， but then“edited”at night， to flush away what is superfluous

19、.To tell the difference， it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person， and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work， a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in i

20、s rapid eye movement （REM） sleep， when brain and body are active， heart rate and blood pressure increase， the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie， and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to reliv

21、e events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day， and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible， in response to a light coming on i

22、n one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this， their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a patternwhat is referred to as“artificial grammar”。 Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pat

23、tern was present than when there was not.What is more， those with more to learn （i.e.， the“grammar”， as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button） have more active brains. The“editing”theory would not predict that， since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to

24、 eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning， their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team， therefore， concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during R

25、EM sleep， particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now， on the eve of that crucial test， maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the rad

26、io next door.26.Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard toA how dreams are modified in their courses.B the difference between sleep and wakefulness.C why sleep is of great benefit to memory.D the functions of a good nights sleep.27.As manifested in the experimental study， rapid eye movement is characterized byA intensely active brainwave traces. B subjectsquicker response times.C complicated memory patterns. D revival of events in the previous