上海市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案Word格式.docx

1、 Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or car

2、rots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when youre older.After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt

3、 about junk food. Most didnt have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.（1）Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1?A. To express his doubts about junk food. B. To promote the idea of healthy eating.C. To describe the situation of junk food. D. To introduce the topic for disc

4、ussion.（2）What remains a great health challenge to doctors?A. Making people do more exercise. B. Making people eat healthily.C. Making people lose weight. D. Making people prefer junk food.（3）What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?A.What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.B.What

5、 influences junk food can have on consumers.C.How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.D.Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.（4）Which of the following words can best describe Bryans lessons?A. Shocking. B. Popular. C. Effective. D. Abstract.【答案】（1） DB 3）C 4）4）

6、C【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。（ 1 ）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题 Do you know that junk food isn 你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？ Doyou eat it anyway? 你仍然还吃垃圾食品？ 是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选 D。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 “ Its designed to be tasty, wh

7、ich makes eating well oneof the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. 可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生 ”到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。故选 B。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中先提到 “食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品 ”，紧接着说到 “它们（食品公司 ）花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘

8、请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒 ”，接着还举例说 “它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖 ”。由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。故选 C。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第四段主要介绍 Bryan 给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段 After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked howthey felt about junk food. Most didnt have positive feelings about these unhealthy f

9、oods. 可知， 课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。由此可以推断， Bryan 的课是有效的。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm

10、. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, ro

11、se from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. An individuals genetics ha

12、s a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role, he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy, he said. This is largely due to

13、a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular（ 心血管的 ）disease among taller people.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent year

14、s, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teena

15、gers failing to reach their full potential（ 潜力）in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be health

16、ier and more productive for decades to come.（1）What does the global study tell us about peoples height in the last century?A. The increase in peoples height has been quickening.B. The increase in womens height is bigger than in mens.C. There is a remarkable difference across continents.D. There has

17、been a noticeable increase in most countries.（2）What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A. They enjoy an easier life. B. They tend to live longer.C. They risk fewer deadly diseases. D. They have greater expectations in life.（3）What does the underlined word reversed in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Slowe

18、d down. B. Gone upwards. C. Changed to the contrary. D. Come to life again.（4）What does James Bentham suggest we do?A.Ensure childrens proper nutrition and healthcare.B.Improve the economic situation of some countries.C.Watch the global trend of increasing height closely.D.Attach great importance to

19、 environmental protection.（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结 论。全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境 的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富 力强。作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 Peoplehave grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on

20、average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了 16.5厘米。一项全球研究调查了 1914年至2014 年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。可知，这项全球研究调查了 1914年到2014年 200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结

21、论。故选D。（ 2 ） 考 查 细 节 理 解 。 根 据 第 四 段 中 的 ” Beingtaller is associated with longer life expectancy 可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。故选 “ B。（ 3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的 ” While height increased in Uganda and Niger during theearly 20th century 而在“ 20 世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及 ” withheightdecreasing among 18-year-olds. 在 “ 18岁的人群中，随着身

22、高的下降。可知， reversed 的意思是 反转 。（ 4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 ” Iwf e give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come. 如果我们现在给孩子们最好的 “人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，

23、归纳，从而选出正确答案。3（ 2019?江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments we

24、re just a matter of peoples opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT （Information and Communication Technology） revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things

25、 is so yesterday that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in post-industrial society has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector （ 制造业 ） with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has

26、moved the international community to worry about the digital divide between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the

27、developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres

28、 in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a