虚拟语气用法总结与详细解析Word格式.docx

1、3 V-ed过去式（4） If省略条件句虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首。（5） 错综条件句主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。（6） 含蓄条件句条件会暗含在短语中，如without, but for，otherwise等。（7） 目的状语从句for fear that，in case，lest引导的从句中，用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为: （should） + doso that，in order that所引导的目的状语从句中从句谓语为: c

2、an / could / may / might / will / would /should + do二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1 现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用 + V-ed或过去进行时（1）wish/wished 与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语+ had done + could/would have done 与将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语could/would + V.原形if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有与wish相同用法还有一些表愿望的短语：would just as soon 倒宁愿/prefer宁愿/（2） would rather，h

3、ad rather，would sooner等表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望表示现在或将来的愿望，用V-ed （be 用were ）表过去的愿望，用 had + doneId rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。ld rather you had been / hadnt been present。我 （宁） 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。（2）表“坚持”insist that +（should） do“insist意为坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；意为坚持某种观点，某个事实则不用虚拟语气。（3）表“命令”order，command + that （sho

4、uld）do（4）表“建议”advise，suggest，propose，recommend + that （should）do注意：suggest作“建议”讲时用虚拟；作“表明”讲时不用虚拟。（5）表“要求”ask，demand，require，request+ that （should）do（6）表“提议”move，vote+ that （should）do（7）表“希望，打算”desire，intend+ that （should）do（8）其他urge敦促；arrange安排； direct指示；prefer宁愿；句中出现上述词语的名词形式时也用虚拟语气Your advice that

5、 she（should）wait till next week is reasonable.My suggestion was that the meeting（should）be put off till next week.三、定语从句中的虚拟语气句式（1） It is /was （high/about） time that V-ed （be用were） 早该做的时候了（优先使用过去式）thatshould do（should不可以省略）句式 （2 ） It is the first/second time that have/has done这是某人第一/二/三.次做某事。It was

6、the first time that had done四、主语从句中的虚拟语气句式（1）It is+ adj./n.+ that +主语从句 （从句的谓语动词常用should+原形且should的省略要看情况而定）表情绪、观点的形容词或名词，如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity 、the shame、no wonder、imperativempertv等。如：It is strange that such a person should be ou

7、r friend.（should表示竟然的语气，不可省。）句式（2）It is+ adj.+ that +主语从句（从句的谓语动词常用should+原形）（礼貌委婉地表达情况的紧迫性可用虚拟语气）表示紧迫的形容词，如:advisable，best，critical，desirable，essential，imperative，important，necessary，urgent，vital等。Its vital that you make a decision right now . 你立刻就做决定是至关重要的。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实

8、条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 条件从句：主语+V过去时 主句：主语+ should/would/could/might + do If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you s

9、ome. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 条件从句：主语+ had done 主句：主语 + should/would/could/might + have done If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 if+主语+ were to do if+主语+

10、did/were 主句：主语+ should/would/could/might + do if+主语+ should do If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿

11、的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫 错综条件句。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动

12、作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即 把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是

13、他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。【注意】1 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Werent，Shouldnt，Hadnt而置于句首。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have a

14、rrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。（=If I had time）6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without, but for,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. （要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction,

15、I would not have made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.将条件隐含在不定式短语中I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。（=I should be happy if I could go with you.）To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格

16、了。（=If you have studied harder, you）将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。（=If he had been born in better times, he ）Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？（=If you failed dthis time, what）将条件隐含在名词短语中A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真

17、正的朋友，就不会背弃我。（=If he had been a true friend, he would）A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。（If you had come a few hours earlier, you）两个常用虚拟语气句型：与but for, without同义。 If it werent（wasnt） for“若不是有/要不是有”If it werent（wasnt） for the children, we wouldnt hav

18、e anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们，我们不会有什么可谈的。 If it hadnt been forIf it hadnt been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨，我们本会获得一个大丰收的。 7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本该通过这次考试的。 省略主句 If I were at hom

19、e now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。8、注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。“it+be”的省略If necessary，I would send more farmhands to help you. 如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。（=If it were necessary，）二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1、wish后的宾语从句, 用虚拟语气a、与现在事实相反

20、的愿望，wish + 主语 + 动词过去式或 wereb、与过去事实相反的愿望，wish + 主语 + had done 或would/ could + have done （注意这里的不能用should）c、与将来难以实现的愿望，wish + 主语 + would/could/might+ 动词原形I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。我根本比不上你）I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。那时还不知道）I wish I should have a chance again

21、. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。很难再有这样的机会了）I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。 注意: 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，如果将wish改为过去式wished，其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。We wish he didnt smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。if only引导的感叹句与wish 用法一致，意思也基本相同。（if only一般独立使用，是没有主句搭配的）If only she would pass the English

22、 examination! 但愿她能通过英语考试！IfonlyIwerentsonervous.但愿我不这样紧张。If only I hadnt gone there last night. 要是昨晚我没有到那里去就好了。2、 would rather + 虚拟从句一般would rather，had rather，would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:d rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。d rather you were here now.我倒想你

23、现在在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿would rather（比较正式）=had rather（非正式），would sooner（sooner代替rather）的细微差别。提示：would rather 主要有两种用法。 1后接不带to的不定式d rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。d rather not go to the movies. 我宁愿不去看电影。Which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡2后接不用连词

24、的that从句d rather you went home now. 我希望你现在就回家。I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。3、 一想要（desire）， 一宁愿（prefer）， 一坚持（insist） ，二命令（order ， command） ，三建议（advise ， suggest ， propose/recommend）， 四要求（demand ，require ，request ，ask） 中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用“should + do”，且should

25、可以省略。He suggested that we （should） take the teachers advice.He insisted that we （should） take the teacherHe demand that we （should） take the teacherHe ordered that we （should） take the teacher（1）表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由 should+ do 构成，其中的should可以省略。I insisted that he （should） stay. 我坚持要他留下。H

26、e insisted that I （should） go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较:He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。注意：He insists he is a student.他坚持说

27、他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。（2）表示“命令”后的宾语从句order, command引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由should+do构成，其中的should通常可以省略。He ordered that it （should） be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。He commanded that we （should） attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。（3）表示“建议”后的宾语从句advise, suggest, propose, recommend等引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由 构成，其中的should可以省略。He su

28、ggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。The committee proposed （that） Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气两者的区别也是：suggest意为建议才用虚拟语气，意为暗示或表明He suggested that we （should） stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。What he said sug