ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:DOCX , 页数:11 ,大小:29.81KB ,
资源ID:21839359      下载积分:3 金币
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。 如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝    微信支付   
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【https://www.bdocx.com/down/21839359.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录   QQ登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(常见的羟基的保护与脱保护方法文档格式.docx)为本站会员(b****6)主动上传,冰豆网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知冰豆网(发送邮件至service@bdocx.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

常见的羟基的保护与脱保护方法文档格式.docx

1、一般用于羟基保护醚主要有硅醚、甲基醚、烯丙基醚、苄基醚、烷氧甲基醚、烷巯基甲基醚、三甲基硅乙基甲基醚等等。羟基的酯保护一般用的不多,但在糖及核糖化学中较为多见。2. 羟基硅醚保护及脱除 硅醚是最常见的保护羟基的方法之一。随着硅原子上的取代基的不同,保护和去保护的反应活性均有较大的变化。当分子中有多官能团时,空间效应及电子效应是影响反应的主要因素。在进行选择性去保护反应时,硅原子周围的空间效应,以及被保护分子的结构环境均需考虑。例如,一般情况下,在TBDMS基团存在时,断裂DEIPS( 二乙基异丙基硅基) 基团是较容易的,但实际得出的一些结果是相反的。在这些例子中,分子结构中空间阻碍是产生相反选

2、择性的原因。电子效应的不同也会影响反应的选择性。对于两种空间结构相似的醇来说,电子云密度不同造成酸催化去保护速率不同,因此可以选择性去保护。这一点对酚基和烷基硅醚特别有效:烷基硅醚在酸中容易去保护,而酚基醚在碱性条件下更容易去保护。降低硅的碱性还可以用于改变Lewis酸催化反应的结果,并且有助于选择性去保护。在硅原子上引入吸电子取代基可以提高碱性条下水解反应的灵敏性,而对酸的敏感性降低。对大多数醚来说,在酸中的稳定性为TMS (1)TES (64)TBDMS (20,000)TIPS (700,000)TBDPS (5,000,000);在碱中稳定性为TMS (1)TES (10-100)TB

3、DMSTBDPS (20,000) TIPS (100,000)。一般而言,对于没有什么位阻的伯醇和仲醇,尽量不要选用TMS作为保护基团,因为得到的产物一般在硅胶这样弱的酸性条件下也会被裂解掉。任何羟基硅醚的都可以通过四烷基氟化胺如TBAF脱除,其主要硅原子对氟原子的亲和性远远大于硅-氧之间的亲和性。在用TBAF裂解硅醚后,分解产生的四丁铵离子有时通过柱层析或HPLC很难除干净,而季铵盐的质谱丰度(Bu4N+: 242)又特别的强有时会干扰质谱,因此这时需要使用四甲基氟化铵或四乙基氟化铵来脱除。使用硅醚保护的另一个好处是可以在分子中游离伯胺或仲胺基的存在下,对羟基进行保护,其主要由于硅-氮键的

4、结合远比硅-氧键来的弱,硅原子优先与羟基上的氧原子结合,这正是与其他保护基不同之处。顺便提一句,一般而言,决大部分的硅-氮键的结合是不稳定的,其很容易被水解掉。 三甲基硅醚的保护 (TMS-OR)许多硅基化试剂均可用于在各种醇中引入三甲基硅基。一般来说,空间位阻较小的醇最容易硅基化,但同时在酸或碱中也非常不稳定易水解,三甲基硅基化广泛用于多官能团化合物,生成的衍生物具有较高的挥发度而利于其相色谱和质谱分析。2.1.1 三甲基硅醚羟基保护示例 (J. . 1996, 61, 2065)Compound 1 , was dissolved in dry DMF (17 mL). To this s

5、olution at 0oC was added imidazole mg, , followed by TMSCl mL, mmol). After stirring at 0oC for h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with water (3 ? 20 mL) and then brine (30 mL). The organic layer was dried and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting material was then dis

6、solved in dry DMF (20 mL) and treated at 0oC with imidazole (816 mg, mmol), followed by chlorodimethylsilane , . The reaction mixture was stirred for 1h at 0oC and then diluted with EtOAc (200mL). The organic layer was washed with water and brine. Upon silica gel chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in

7、 hexane), g (90%) of the desired product 2 was obtained.Cleavage (J. . 1996, 61, 2065)Hydrolysis was carried out under aprotic condition-anhydrous tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF solution. t-Butyldimethylsilyl ether (TBDMS-OR)在化学合成中,采用硅基化进行羟基保护生成叔丁基甲基硅基醚是应用较多的方法之一。一般来说,在分子中羟基位阻不大时主要通过TBSCl对羟基进行保护

8、。 但当羟基位阻较大时则采用较强的硅醚化试剂TBSOTf来实现。生成的叔丁基二甲基醚在多种有机反应中是相当稳定的,在一定条件下去保护时一般不会影响其他官能团。它在碱性水解时的稳定性约为三甲基硅醚的104倍。它对碱稳定。相对来说对酸敏感些。TBS醚的生成和断裂的难易取决于空间因素,因此常常用于对多官能团,位阻不同的分子进行选择性保护。在伯、仲醇中,TBS基相对来说较易于与伯醇反应。TBS醚的断裂除了常用的四烷基氟化胺外,许多情况下也可用酸来断。当分子内没有对强酸敏感的官能基存在时,可用 HCl-MeOH, HCl-Dioxane 体系去除TBS,若有对强酸敏感的官能基存在时,则可选用AcOH-T

9、HF体系去除。2.2.1 通过TBSCl进行羟基的叔丁基二甲基硅醚保护示例 (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 6190)The hydroxyl lactone 1, upon treatment with TBDMSCl equiv) and imidazole equiv.) in DMF (2 mL/g of 1) at 35oC for 10 h, produced the silyl ether-lactone 2 in 96% yield. 2.2.2 通过TBSOTf进行羟基的叔丁基二甲基硅醚保护示例( 1987, 52, 622)To an ice-co

10、ld solution of g of pyridine equiv) and g of 1 in 30 mL of dry acetonitrile was added slowly g of tert-butyldimethylsilyl triflate mmol, equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature and then poured into 200 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution at 0oC. The solution was

11、extracted thoroughly with hexane, and the organic extracts were dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate and filtered. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure followed by distillation of the residue gave g (82% yield). 2.2.3 通过TBAF脱TBDPS示例 (Can. J. Chem. 1975, 53, 2975)To a solution of THP eth

12、er 1 g, mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added a 1 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF (5 mL, 5 mmol) at 22-24oC. The solution was stirred for 2 h and diluted with 100 mL (1:1) of Et2O/EtOAc solution. The organic layer was separated and washed with H2O (3 ? 100 mL). The water extract was washed

13、 with 2:1 Et2O/EtOAc solution (2 ? 50 mL), and the organic layers were combined and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was chromatographed over silica gel using (5:1) hexanes/ethyl acetate solution to give 2 g, 82%). 2.2.4 通过AcOH-THF脱TBS示例(Tetrahedron Lett. 1988,

14、29, 6331)Selective removal of one of the TBDMS groups of 1 was accomplished by treatment with acetic acid-water-THF (13:7:3) (30C, 15h) to give the monohydroxy compound 2 in 79% yield. t-Butyldiphenylsilyl ether (TBDPS-OR)在酸性水解条件下TBDPS保护基比TBDMS更加稳定(约100倍),而TBDPS保护基对碱的稳定性比TBDMS要差。 另外,由于该保护基的分子量较大,容易使

15、底物固化而易于分离。 TBDPS保护基对许多与TBDMS保护基不相容的试剂显出比TBDMS基团更好的稳定性。TBDMS基团在酸性条件下不易迁移。TBDPS醚对K2CO3 /CH3OH,对9M氨水、60、2h;对MeONa(cat.)/CH3OH、25、24h均稳定。该醚对80%乙酸稳定,后者可用于脱除醚中TBDMS,三苯甲基,四氢吡喃保护基也对HBr /AcOH,12,2min;对25%75%甲酸,25,2h6h;以及50%三氟乙酸,25,15min稳定。2.3.1 通过TBDPSCl进行羟基的叔丁基二甲基硅醚保护示例. Chem, 1992, 57, 1722)To a solution o

16、f 1,4-butanediol (5 g, 55 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) containing i-Pr2NEt (10 mL) was added t-BDPSiCl (5 mL, 18 mmol) dropwise under N2 at 22-24oC. The solution was stirred at 22-24oC for 2 h, concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed, eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate (10:1) to 2 (clear oil, g, 95%).

17、三异丙基硅醚保护 (TIPS-OR)酸性水解时,有较大体积的TIPS醚比叔丁基二甲基硅醚要更稳定些。但稳定性比叔丁基二苯基硅基差。TIPS基碱性水解时比TBDMS基或TBDPS基稳定。相对于仲羟基,TIPS基对伯羟基有更好的选择性。2.4.1通过TIPSCl进行羟基的三异丙基硅醚保护示例(J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7796)To a stirred solution of (1) g) in CH2Cl2 (53 mL) cooled to 0oC were successively added 2,6-lutidine mL, mmol) and triisopropy

18、lsilyl triflate mL, . The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature (30 min). Then excess triflate was consumed by addition of methanol (10 mL) and a saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (60 mL). The phase was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (4 ? 50 Ml). The combined orga

19、nic phases were washed with a saturated NaHCO3 (100 mL) a, 1M NaHSO4 (3 ? 50 mL), and brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded silyl ether (2) g, 89%). 3. 羟基苄醚保护及脱除 一般羟基的苄醚保护主要有苄基,对甲氧苄基及三苯甲基醚。苄基醚保护羟基 (Bn

20、-OR)一般烷基上的羟基在用苄基醚保护时需要用强碱,但酚羟基的苄基醚保护一般只要用碳酸钾在乙腈或丙酮中回流即可,回流情况下,这类烷基化在乙腈中速度比丙酮中要快四倍左右,因此一般用乙腈做溶剂居多。若反应速度慢可用DMF做溶剂,提高反应温度,或加NaI,KI催化反应。苄基醚的裂解主要是通过催化加氢的方法,Pd是理想的催化剂,用Pt时会产生芳环上的氢化作用。在含色氨酸的肽中氢解苏氨酸常导致色氨酸还原成2,3-二氢衍生物。非芳性的胺可以使催化剂活性降低,阻碍O-脱苄;在氢化体系中加入Na2CO3可以防止苄基被裂解,但可使双键发生还原。孤立烯烃有可能影响苄基醚键的裂解(H2,5% Pd-C,97%产率)

21、。一般而言选择性的大小取决于取代的类型及空间位阻的情况。与酯共扼的三取代的烯烃存在时,苄基的水解也有相当好的选择性。对甲氧苄基基团存在时,苄基的水解(Pd-C,EtOAc,室温,18小时)有非常好的选择性。在反应体系中加入Pyridine 可使对甲氧苄基和苄基氢解产生区别。 苄基的氢解有溶剂的作用,如下列表:Effect of solvent on the hydrogenlysis of benzyl etherSolventReaction rate(mm H2 / min / cat)THF40Hexanol25Methanol5Toluene2Hexane63.1.1烷基羟基的苄基醚保

22、护示例(Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1987, 60, 1529)Compound 1 g) in DMF (200 mL) was treated with 60% NaH g), benzyl bromide g) and tetrabutylammonium iodide g). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for h. The product was purified by chromatography on silica gel with toluene-ethanol (20:1) to

23、give 2 g, 99%).3.1.2 酚羟基的苄基醚保护示例 To a solution of 1 g, 277 mmol) in EtOH (135 mL) was added benzyl chloride g, 289 mmol), KI g, 10 mmol) and K2CO3 g, 178 mmol) with stirring. The resulting mixture was refluxed for 5 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and the solvent was removed i

24、n vacuo. The residue was added water (100 mL) and extracted with Et2O (80 mL ? 3). The extract was washed with saturated NaHCO3, water and brine successively. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product, which was distilled to afford 2 g, 79%).3.1.3苄基醚

25、氢解脱保护示例(J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1746)Compound 3 (105 mg) was hydrogenated in ethanol (10 mL) containing 1M hydrochloric acid mL) in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal (50 mg) in an initial hydrogen pressure of MPa overnight. The product was purified by chromatography on silica gel with to

26、luene-ethanol (3:1) to give 4 (90 mg, quant.)对甲氧基苄基醚保护羟基 (PMB-OR)各种甲氧基苄醚已经合成得到并被用作保护基。实际上甲氧基取代的苄基醚较未取代的苄基醚更容易通过氧化去保护。下表给出了用二氯二氰苯醌去保护时的相对速率。Cleavage of MPM, DMPM, and TMPM ethers with DDQ in CH2Cl2/H2O at 20oCProtective GroupTime (h)Yield(%)ii iiiProtectiveGroup( ii 3,4-DMPM86842-MPM93704-MPM893,5-DM

27、PM873922,3,4-TMPM60752,3-DMPM3,4,5-TMPM13-MPM2480942,5-DMPM95162,6-DMPM一般而言,对甲氧基苄醚在合成中更为常用,羟基上对甲氧基苄基的方法和苄基类似,但脱除除了氢解的方法外,还可以氧化除去。3.2.1对甲氧基苄基醚保护示例(Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 2459)To a stirred suspension of NaH (26 mg mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was added dropwise a THF solution (3 mL) of 1 (250 mg, mmol) u

28、nder Ar. After 45 min. at room temperature MPM chloride (158 mg, was added, and the stirring was continued for 3 h. the mixture was poured into sat. NH4Cl aq. And then extracted with ether. The extract was washed with sat. NaCl aq., dried over MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo to leave an oil, which

29、was chromatographed on a short silica gel column elution with EtOAc-n-hexane (1:1) gave a colorless oil of 2 296 mg, 86%.3.2.2 在苄氧基存在下选择性脱去对甲氧基苄基示例(Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 2459)To a stirred solution of 2 (92 mg, mmol) in CH2Cl2 mL) and water mL) was added DDQ (97 mg, mmol) at room temp. After h

30、precipitated DDQH was removed by decantation and washed with a small amount of CH2Cl2. The combined CH2Cl2 solution was washed with sat. NaHCO3 aq. And sat. NaCl aq. And dried over Na2SO4. Evaporated of the solvent in vacuo gave an oil, which was chromatographed on a silica gel column with EtOAc-n-hexane (1:1) as eluant gave a colorless solid of 1 mg, 84%.4. 烷氧基甲基醚或烷氧基取代甲基醚烷氧基甲基醚或烷氧基取代甲基醚在羟基保护中也是较为多用的一类,常用的有THP

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1