高分子材料双语往年考题.docx

1、高分子材料双语往年考题一、英语题（每题5分，每次从题库中选择5题）1. Which polymer occurs in nature _(a) polypropylene (b) polystyrene (c) cellulose 2. Which has the higher entropy (熵) _(a) stretched rubber (b) unstretched rubber 3. Arrange the following materials in order of increased density，_(a) wood that floats on water (b) a p

2、iece of heavy plastic that sinks when placed in water (c) a paper clip（回形针）made of metal. 4. Initiators (引发剂) begin and may end a polymerization reaction. As the number of initiators increase in a polymerization, the length of a straight chain will _(a) increase (b) decrease5. Name any two propertie

3、s that you may look for in describing a polymer. _ and _ 6. Which polymer occurs in nature(a) poly(vinyl alcohol) (b) polystyrene (c) cellulose 7. Which has the higher entropic elasticity (熵弹性)(a) rubber (b) plastics 8. Arrange the following polymeric materials in order of increased Tg：(a) polypropy

4、lene (b) natural rubber (c) PC9. Which has a higher degree of crystallinity （a）HDPE or (b) LDPE10. Name any two properties that you may look for in describing a polymer. 11. Which polymer occurs in nature(a) polypropylene (b) polystyrene (c) cellulose 12. Which has the higher entropy (熵)(a) stretche

5、d rubber (b) unstretched rubber 13. Arrange the following materials in order of increased density：(a) wood that floats on water (b) a piece of heavy plastic that sinks when placed in water (c) a paper clip（回形针）made of metal. 14. Initiators (引发剂) begin and may end a polymerization reaction. As the nu

6、mber of initiators increase in a polymerization, the length of a straight chain will(a) increase (b) decrease (c) keep constant15. Name any two properties that you may look for in describing a polymer. 16. Which polymer occurs in nature(a) polyethylene (b) polystyrene (c) proteins 17. When we stretc

7、h a rubber, the conformational entropy (熵) of rubber chains will(a) increase (b) decrease (c) keep constant 18. Arrange the following polymeric materials in order of increased Tg：(a) polyisoprene (b) PE (c) PC19. Which has the higher cohesive energy density (内聚能密度) (a) elastomer (b) fiber (c) thermo

8、plastics20. Which has a higher degree of crystallinity(a) HDPE (b) LDPE21 Which of the following can not be used as elastomer ( )A. EPDM B. polyethylene C. SBS D. natural rubber 22 Which one can most easily crystallize in following polymers ( ) A. PET B. POM C. PVC D. PMMA23 Which of the polymers is

9、 generally used to make agricultural films ( ) A. PE B. PP C. PVC D. PS24. Which will have the higher crystallinityA. atactic PP B. isotactic PP 25 Which has the highest heat resistance in following polymers ( ) A. polycarbonate B. polyethylene C. polystyrene D. polyimide26. Which of the following a

10、re polymers( )A. ethylene B. protein C. cellulose D. polyethylene 27. Which of the following are thermoplastics ( )A. hard rubber B. Bakelite C. PVC D. polystyrene28. Which has the higher cohesive energy density (CED) ( )A. an elastomer B. a fiber29. Which of the following are engineering resins ( )

11、A. polystyrene B. polypropylene C. polyimide30. Which of the following fibers can not manufactured by melt spinning ( )A. PET B. nylon C. polypropylene D. polyacrylonitrile二、论述题1. 合成纤维有那几种主要纺丝方法为什么不可以采用熔体纺丝的方法加工聚丙烯腈纤维如果你想采用熔体纺丝方法加工聚丙烯腈纤维，你需要从原料上作那些改进请说明原因。2. 对比聚乙烯和聚丙烯的结构，分别阐述他们的性能和应用。3. 聚乳酸(PLA)与聚乙醇

12、酸的降解性能的差异，阐述他们的降解机理。4. 玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂和玻璃增强不饱和树脂的主要性能和应用领域。5. MF、UF、NF、RO膜的名称、膜孔径的大致范围，驱动力和主要应用领域。6. 水性涂料和溶剂性涂料的优缺点7. 运动装大多选用细旦丙纶作为里层，棉或涤纶为外层的双层织物，为什么请给出适当的解释8. 按应用对塑料进行分类，每一类型的塑料给出一个代表性的例子。（10分）9. 请问主要有哪几种膜材料这些膜孔径的大致范围，驱动力和主要应用领域。(10分)10. 从分子结构出发论述聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯耐热性的特点，并讨论改进它们耐热性的方法。(10分)11. 对比聚乙烯和聚丙烯的结构，分别阐述它

13、们的性能和应用。(10分)12. 常见的特种橡胶有哪些指出它们各自的优点和不足之处及主要用途。（10分）13. 写出聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸的结构式，并从分子结构上解释为什么聚乳酸的水解速度小于聚乙醇酸（提示：乳酸HO-CH(CH3)-COOH; 乙醇酸HO-CH2-COOH）14. 合成纤维有那几种主要纺丝方法为什么不可以采用熔体纺丝的方法加工聚丙烯腈纤维如果你想采用熔体纺丝方法加工聚丙烯腈纤维，你需要从原料上作那些改进请说明原因。15. 对比聚乙烯和聚丙烯的结构，分别阐述它们的性能和应用。(10分)16. 阐述聚乳酸(PLA)与聚乙醇酸的降解性能的差异和它们的降解机理。(10分)17. 玻璃纤维增

14、强环氧树脂和玻璃纤维增强不饱和树脂的主要性能和应用领域。(10分)18. 试述MF、UF、NF、RO膜的名称、膜孔径的大致范围，驱动力和主要应用领域。(10分)19. 水性涂料和溶剂性涂料的优缺点(10分)20. 阐述共轭二烯烃类橡胶的结构和性能特点，举例说明如何提高橡胶的耐热、耐油、耐紫外光及耐臭氧性能（10分）21. 何谓熔体纺丝何谓溶液纺丝列出两种主要的溶液纺丝方法。为什么有的聚合物不可以采用熔体纺丝方法加工成纤维 (15分)22. 从分子结构出发论述聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯耐热性的特点，并讨论改进它们耐热性的方法。(10分)23. 塑料的分类方法有哪几种塑料的主要成型方法有哪几种（10分）24

15、. 请问主要有哪几种膜材料这些膜孔径的大致范围，驱动力和主要应用领域。(10分)25. 什么是高分子液晶，它在材料加工中有什么意义请举例说明。（10分）26. 为什么水性涂料近年来得到较快的发展(10分)27. 常见的特种橡胶有哪些指出它们各自的优点和不足之处级主要用途。（10分）28. 简述成纤聚合物的基本性质。（15分）29. 什么叫热塑性弹性体热塑性弹性体有哪些优点和不足之处（10分）30. 试述聚苯乙烯的性能和用途，针对聚苯乙烯性能上的主要缺点，工业上用哪些方法进行改性，并简述改性聚苯乙烯的用途。（10分）31. 涂料的主要成分有哪些为什么水性乳胶涂料需要加增稠剂（10分）32. 什么叫智能凝胶pH敏感的智能凝胶分子结构上有什么特点10分） 33. 比较热固性塑料与热塑性塑料在性能方面的主要区别。并且说明产生这种差别的主要原因。（10分）34. 在血液透析中使用的透析膜与海水淡化中使用的反渗透膜有明显区别，试将其与微滤膜和纳滤膜进行对比，比较其在膜孔径、操作条件、适用范围等方面的区别。35. 纺丝方法与聚合物的性能有关，给定一种聚合物，如何判断用什么方法纺丝。（15分）36. 请给出水性乳胶涂料的主要成分