大学英语4课文原文及翻译中英对照Word文件下载.docx

1、ve all heard people say, I like jokes, but I cant tell one well, and I can never remember them.Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent, etc. than others.A truly funny person has a joke for every occasion, and when one is

2、told, that triggers an entirestringof jokes from that persons memory bank. Ahumorlessperson is not likely to be the most popular person in a group.It is reasonable to say that the trulyhumorousindividual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering.3为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学

3、生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。4Even some animals have a sense

4、 of humor.My wifes mother often visited us for extended stays.She normally didnt like dogs, but shefell in love with BlitzenNa female Lab we had, and the relationship wasmutual（相互的）.Even when young, Blitzen wouldteaseGrandmaby veryselectivelycarrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room

5、where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair.Blitzenpranced（蹦来跳去）justbeyond the reach ofGrandma until Grandma wastemptedto leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen.When Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair,flashingher Lab smilefromsparkling（闪烁的）brown eyes

6、which clearly said, Aha, I fooled you again.4甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。”

7、 5Typical jokes or humorous stories have a three-partanatomy（结构）that is easily recognized.First is the SETUP （orsetting）, next is the BODY （or story line）, and these are followed by the PUNCH LINEN（an unexpected or surprise ending） which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor.Usually all

8、 three parts are present, and each must be clearly presented.It helps if the story/joke teller uses gestures and language which are well-known to the audience.5典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都

9、熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6Humor, as a form of entertainment, can be analyzed in order to discover what makes a funny story or joke seem funny.Here, for example, are some of the most common types of humor. They range from the most obvious humor to the more subtle（微妙含蓄的） types.6我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使

10、一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。7SLAP-STICK is the most obvious humor.Its language is simple, direct, and often makes fun of another person or group.Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up（单人的） comedianNand theclown.It appeals to all ages and all cultures.Nearly ev

11、ery English-speakingcomedianin this century has used the following joke in one form or another.One man asks another, Who was that lady I saw you with last night?The other replies, That was no lady, that was my wife.The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady.

12、In other words, she is not a refined （优雅的）woman.The joke is no less funny because it is so often used.The audience knows in advance what will be said, because it is classic humor, and any audience values it even more because of itsfamiliarity.7滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员

13、和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。8Chinese cross-talk（相声） is a special type of slap-stick in which two

14、Chinese comedians humorously discuss topics such asbureaucrats（官僚主义者）, family problems, or other personal topics.Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theatres, and to radio and television.It is clearly a traditional form of humor well understood by Chines

15、e people.8中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9A PLAY ON WORDS is not so obvious as slap-stick, but it is funny because ofmisusedor misunderstood language.My favorite example is the story of three elderly gentlemen

16、 traveling by train in England.As the train slowed for a stop the first man asked, Is this WembleyN?No, said the second, Its Thursday.So am I, said the third man.Lets stop for a beer.We know that older people often do not hear things clearly, so the misunderstanding of both Wednesday （for Wembley） a

17、nd thirsty （for Thursday） makes a nicesetupfor the punch line delivered by the third man.9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：“这是Wembley（温布利）吗？”“不，”第二位绅士说：“是Thursday（星期四）。”“我也是，”第三位说道，“让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。”我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday

18、（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10The famous ChinesecartoonistandhumoristDing Cong is a master of word play.In one of his funnycartoons, a teacher says, How comeNyou completely copied somebody elses homework?The young student replies, I didnt completely copy it. My name on the page is diffe

19、rent.In another classic Ding Cong cartoon, anirritated（生气的）father asks, Tell me, whats one plus two?The son says, I dont know.The impatient father then says, For example, you, your mother, and I altogether are how many, youidiot?The son proudly answers, Three idiots.Whether these stories are cartoon

20、s or jokes, told by aslap-stick comedian or a cross-talking team, they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny.10著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说：“你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？”那位年轻的学生回答道：“我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的名字改成自

21、己的了。”在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里，一位生气的父亲问道：“告诉我，1加2等于几？”儿子说：“我不知道。”这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道：“比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个，傻瓜？”儿子得意地回答道：“是三个傻瓜。”这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。11PUNSare even more subtle forms of word play.They use the technique of similar sounding words or alt

22、ernative meanings of the same word.Puns are thought by some critics to be the lowest form of humor, but I disagree with this.Puns require more subtle and sophisticated（巧妙复杂的） language skills than most humor forms, but even the very young can use them in their simpler forms.For example, the riddle（谜语

23、） or trick question（脑筋急转弯） often uses a pun in the setup, the story line, or, more often, the punch line.Puns are the first type of humor I learned, and at about 5 years of age I remember hearing the following riddle.One person asks, What is black and white and red all over?The other person usually

24、cannot answer the riddle, so says, I give up. What is the answer?Theriddlerreplies, A newspaper.This is the obvious answer if one knows that red is pronounced the same as read in English, but the meanings are clearly different.11双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这种观点。双关语

25、与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细微、更巧妙（复杂）的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人问：“什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？”另外一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：“我不猜了。是什么呀？”出谜语的人回答：“是报纸。”如果你知道在英语中“red（红色）”和“read（读）”的读音一样但意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。12DOUBLE ENTENDRES（French for double meanings） are special

26、variations of puns in which words or phrases have double meanings.Frequently the two meanings are very different, and one is quite proper while the second is often, but not always,vulgar（粗俗的）.I like the somewhat mild story of a school teacher and aprincipalof a high school who are concerned because

27、some boys and girls have been seen kissing on the school playground.The teacher says to the students, The principal and I have decided to stop kissing on the school playground.Hearing somelaughter, she senses her message was not altogether clear, so she adds, What I mean to say is that there will be

28、 no more kissing going on under our nosesN.Thisclarification（解释）, of course, does nothing to correct the first statement and the double meaning of the joke becomes even morelaughable.12DOUBLEENTENDRES（法语中的“一语双关”）是双关语的特殊形式,其中的词或短语有双重意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另一个往往比较粗俗但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而

29、感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教师对学生们说；“我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场上接吻。”听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清楚，于是补充说：“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子下面发生接吻这样的事了。”当然，这个解释并没有纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变得更加好笑。13Some professional humorists think too much of todays humor is not very intelligent or sophisticated.They dislike thesuggestive（挑逗的）or vulgar language used too frequently, and they feel that most humorists a