时态Word文档格式.docx

1、可数名词有单复数之分，一个的前面要用a或an，eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card，而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化，情况如下：（1） 特殊词，特殊变化，需单独记：childchildren，manmen，footfeet，womanwomentoothteeth，sheepsheep，deerdeer（2）一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”:bookbooks，penpens，carcars，mapmaps，cartooncartoons（3）以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词+“es”boxboxes，watc

2、hwatches（4）以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”familyfamilies，comedycomedies（5）以f或fe结尾的词，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加esknifeknives，wifewives，handkerchiefhandkerchieves3、动词be（is,am,are）的用法我（I）用am, 你（you）用are，is跟着他（he），她（she），它（it）。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。4、动词 A） 第三人称单数变化一）一般在

3、词后加s如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s后加es。watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。plays says,stays,enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B） 现在分词（表示正在进行）一）一般在后加ing。spell-spel

4、ling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going,do-doing 二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。dance-dancing, wake-waking,take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing如： pu

5、t-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 5、句式1）陈述句 肯定陈述句 a） This is a book. （be动词） b） He looks very young. （连系动词） c） I want a sweat like this. （实义动词） d） I can bring some things to school. （情态动词） e） Theres a computer on my

6、 desk. （There be结构） 否定陈述句 These arent their books. b） They dont look nice. Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d） Kate cant find her doll. There isnt a cat here. （=Theres no cat here.） 2）祈使句 祈使句表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。用法：1. 肯定祈使句（动词原形开头）Be c

7、areful!小心！ 2. 否定祈使句（Do not / Dont / Never + 动词原形）Dont open the door. 不要开门。3. Let开头的祈使句（Lets / Let sb +动词原形）Let me have a try. 让我试试吧。4. “No +名词或动名词”也可以构成祈使句。用于“指示标牌、布告”等，意为“禁止、不许”No spitting!不准随地吐痰！No admittance except on business! 非公莫入！5. 无动词祈使句有些用于口号、告示的祈使句不用动词使语言更加简洁明了。After you! 您先请！Bottoms up! 干

8、杯！【注】 1. Why not + 动词原形？Why not do as your teacher tells you to? 为什么不按你们老师吩咐的去做呢？2. Would you mind + V-ing?Would you mind allowing us to use the basin by the side of the cupboard? 请允许我们使用器皿柜旁边的洗脸盆，好吗？3. Will / Would / Can / Could you please +动词原形？Will / Would / Can / Could you please give us instruc

9、tions for using the laboratory?请给我们讲讲使用实验室的规则好吗？4.祈使句 + and / then / or +陈述句Follow your doctors advice, or your cough will get worse. 要听医生的建议，否则，你的咳嗽病会加重的3）疑问句 1） 一般疑问句 a） Is Jim a student?b） Can I help you?c） Does she like salad?d） Do they watch TV? e） Is she reading?肯定回答: a） Yes, he is. b） Yes, yo

10、u can. c） Yes, she does. 否定回答:a） No, he isnt. b） No, you cantc） No, she doesnt. 2） 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small. 3） 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问

11、方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is *. 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? （=What time is it?） Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock. When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres m

12、y backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that （in English）? Its a pencil

13、case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen. Whats your first name? My first names Ben. Whats your family name? My family names Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13

14、 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349. 16 问谓语（动作） Whats he doing? Hes watching TV. 17 问职业（身份） What do you do? Im a teacher. Whats your father? Hes a doctor. 6、动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之

15、一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。（一）、动词不定式作主语（ ）1. Its hard for us _English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning（ ）2. Its very nice _ you to get me two ti

16、ckets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式）置于后面。常见的句式有：（1）It is +形容词（of sb）to do sth.（2）It is +形容词（for sb）to do sth.（3）It takes sb some time to do sth.（4）It is +名词短语（for sb）to do sth. 句式（1）中常用nice， kind， clever， good， righ

17、t， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式（2）中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。（二）、动词不定式作宾语（ ）1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys（ ）2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringi

18、ng C. to take D. taking（ ）3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。（三）、动词不定式作宾语补足语（ ）1. Robert often asks us _

19、 his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with B. C. to help with D. helps him with（ ）2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。（四）、动词不定式

20、作状语（ ）1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing（ ）2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns简析go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。（ ）3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to

21、hear（ ）4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled（ ）5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets简析be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。（五）、动词不定式作定语（ ）1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks（ ）2. I have a lo

22、t of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do（ ）3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。（六）、不带to的动词不定式（ ）1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. e

23、nter C. entering D. entered（ ）2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel（ ）3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better_. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up简析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾

24、语补足语的不定式不带to. 2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。（七）、动词不定式的否定形式（ ）1. The old man told the child _ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not（ ）2. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. A. have， not to be B. have， not be C. be， not to be D. be， not be简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式

25、符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.（八）、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别（ ）1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has（ ）2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took（ ）3. Lets have a rest, sh

26、all we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ （walk）. 二、现在进行时主语+be+doing+其他2. 动词动词-ing变化规律：1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping4）特殊变化, lielying

27、3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, itsoclock4. 否定句：be动词后加not e.g. She is not listening to music.5. 疑问句：将be动词提前 e.g . Is she listening to music?6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 e.g What is she doing now?三、一般将来时主语+be going to+动词原形 主语will动词原形tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间be动词后加not；will后加not e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前 e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weeken