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语法英语现在完成时讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、2)She hasnt travelled on a train 她没有坐火车旅行过。3)We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:4)I have never seen him before以前我从来没有见过他。(三)一般疑问式 助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ?把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ,主语havehas 否定回答用“No,主语have

2、nthasnt”有时也可以用“No,not yetNo ,neverNo,not even once”等。1)Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗? Yes ,I have 是的,我做过。2)Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗? No,never不,从来没有。3)Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗? Yes ,they have是的,他们找到了。注意:当句中有否定词not ,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:

3、You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?二、现在完成时的用法 (一)现在完成时的用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经) ,yet(还、已经) ,just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经) ,never(从不) ,before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:1already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。ve already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。(“读”这一动作发

4、生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。) 2)Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?2yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。1)Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗? No,not yet不,还没有。2)The woman hasnt found her dog yet 那位妇女

5、还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响) 3just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。4ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。 1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗? 2)I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话。5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I have never t

6、ravelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。 1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?t eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。(二)现在完成时用法二2持续性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间 或“since过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。for + 段时间since

7、 +点时间ve lived here since 1990自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.2)I havent seen him for three years 我三年没有看见他了。 = I havent seen him since three years agot seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him

8、last time.3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city 自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。4)Shes been at this school since five years ago 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long1) 他入团两年了。误:He has joined the Leag

9、ue for two years 正:He has been a League member for two years 2)我买这辆自行车三年了。I have bought this bike for three years I have had this bike for three years 2) 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词:短暂性动词 延续性动词die be deadborrow keep buy/catch haveget up be up come in finish be over leaver away open open close closed begin on

10、become interested in in 有人可能会问:一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?答:一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如:yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现在无关。 现在完成时与自已的特征词连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。例: He saw the film last night. (过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看一次)He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时,表时他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了)巩固练习:I按要求转

11、换下列各句,每空一词。1、He has already finished his homework(改为否定句) He _ finished his homework _ 2They have found the lost books already(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) _ they _ the lost books _?No,they_ 3Julia has not got home from school yet(改为肯定句) Julia _ _ _ home from school 4You have never been to Shanghai before,_ _ ?(改

12、为反意疑问句) 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?(改为反意疑问句)6Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999(改为同义句) Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999 7. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句) He _ _ _ home for 3 days.8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)II选择正确答案。( )1Who is Mary ? _?I sa

13、w you talking with her at the meeting ADont you meet her yet BDidnt you met her yet CHavent you met her yet DHadn )2How do you like Beijing ,Mr Black? Oh ,I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited )3The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them o

14、nce a week t feel Bhasnt felt t feltD.didnt feel ) 4We have lived here _ five years ago Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2)This is the

15、 that结构,that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故

16、选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。 注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续

17、时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错)I have received his letter for a month.(对)I havent received his letter for almost a month.现在完成时点滴 初中英语共涉及八种主要时态,在中考当中现在完成时的占分比例比较大。因此学好现在完成时对于初中生来说至关重要。下面我们谈一下如何学好这个时态:一、现在完成时的基本构成现在完成时由“主语have/hasV过去分词”构成。“have /has”如何使用需记清。当主语是I,you和复数名词或代词时要用have;单数主语后跟has。也就是说have/has需

18、同主语的人称或数保持一致。二、现在完成时的基本用法1.动作开始于过去,结束于过去,但和现在的情况关系密切。-Can I help you with your homework?-Thank you all the same. I have finished it already?从这里可以看出,“做作业”这个动作发生于过去,而且也结束于过去,但和现在关系密切。“Thank you all the same.”暗指无须帮忙。现在由于做完了(finished)已不用帮忙。强调的是“做完”这个动作对现在的影响。2.动作发生于过去一直延续到现在。这个动作可能是多次发生,也可能是表示某种状态或习惯性动作

19、。I have lived here since 1979.He has worked in Beijing for 20 years.在这个用法中,有一点需要我们特别注意,即含有中止或短暂意义的词不能跟一段时间搭配。我们如果想表达“他已离开此地两天了。”我们不能说“He has left for two days.”而应说成“He has been away for two days.”像此类型的单词不多,大致有:begin,end,come,go,leave,join,die等。三、现在完成时的标志词是否使用现在完成时不仅可以通过了解句子的汉语意思套用其基本用法,还可以通过观察时间标志词。

20、和现在完成时态连用的时间状语主要有以下三种:1.句中出现 just,never,ever, already, yet等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。I have already had my lunch.He hasnt found the answer to the question yet.2.for 一段时间或since点时间或引导时间状语从句(一般多为过去时)。He has been a teacher for 20 years.I have known him since we were little-boys.3.so far(到目前为止),in the past/last表示一段时

21、间的词语。I havent seen him so far.t talked with me in the past/three days.当然这种方法并不是绝对的,有时也有意外情况发生。因此还需要同学们认真仔细的辨别。但我相信只要大家用心学习,现在完成时不会成为我们英语学习道路上的绊脚石。现在完成时 Present perfect by Mr. Fu 接触一:肯定句式 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have(has)过去分词”。如: We have just finished our homework She has gone home 1)该句式中的have或has是助动词,has用于第三人称单

22、数,其它人称一律用have。2)该句式中have(has)和过去分词之间可用just插入。3)把该句式译成汉语时,往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。接触二:疑问句式 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 Have you read this story book yet?特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下: What have you done with my bike? Youve read this story book, havent you?1)现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2)把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时,往往译成“过吗?”、“已经

23、了吗?”等。3)其肯定回答用“Yes,have(has)”,否定回答用“No,havent(hasnt)”,有时用“No,not yet”或“No,never”。接触三:否定句式:现在完成时的否定句式是“havent)过去分词”。 We havent studied Unit 2 yet The train hasnt stopped yet 注意:1)现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。2)否定句常译为“还没有”等。现在完成时巩固练习(一) I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_never_(speak)to a foreigner 2. _Tom_(return)the library

24、 book? Yes,he has When_he_(return)it? Half an hour ago II. 按要求转换下列各句,每空一词。1. He has found nothing in the room(改为一般疑问句) _he found_in the room?2. I have already finished the work(改为否定句) I_finished the work_. 3. She has got a notebook(对划线部分提问) _ _she got?4. Theyve never learned Japanese,_ _(改为反意疑问句) 接触

25、四:用法之一:现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Have you read that story?你读过那个故事吗?(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。(“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果。在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。He has just had his meal

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