时态.docx

1、时态时态时态即英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语有16种时态，但中学阶段较常用的有十种：一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时，将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时。一般现在时 （1）构成形式: （is/am/are, do, does）（2）动词的第三人称单数动词有单三，词尾常把-s添；词尾若是s, ch, sh, 直接加上-es；词尾有字母x或o，加上-es不用愁；辅音字母若加y，要把y便i，再加上-es。 E.g. works，learns, swims, passes, teaches, wishes, does,

2、 fixes, flies（3）基本用法A 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动词，常与often, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays等表示频度的时间状语连用。E.g. He often gets up early in the morning. She has breakfast at 7 every morning.B 表示现在的状态。 E.g. He is very busy. The boy is twelve.C 表示人或事具备的性格、能力和特征。 E.g. I like to listen to music. They speak Englis

3、h very well.D 表示客观的事实与普遍真理。 E.g. Two plus two is four. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.E 表示计划安排好的将来动作，但只限于go, come, leave, start, begin, arrive, be等动词。 E.g. The plane takes off at 11. He comes back tonight.3、频度副词 Never, sometimes, often, usually, alwayse.g. He is never late for school

4、. I feel unhappy sometimes. We often go there. I usually have breakfast at 7. She is always thinking of others.【练习】一、 单选1. Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work Cwork; are working D is working; work2. One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D

5、 has3. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 4. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5. Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ;

6、listen6. Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1. I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2. _your sister_(know)English?3. Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4. The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5. Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6. Who_(想要 )to go swimm

7、ing?7. _she_(do) the housework every day?8. Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .一般过去时1、定义(did)一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before , when clause, in the pas

8、t连用。如：What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么？I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我会到了林涛。I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿2、用法：1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。 常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。如：He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习

9、惯性动作。如：We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。注：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。如：He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。如：At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。4）用在状语从句中

10、表示过去将来。如：He said he would wait until they came back. 5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。如：I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。如：I didnt know you were here. 没想到你在这里。3、 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时用动词的过去式构成。即一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式，不规则变

11、化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed, offeroffered, weighweighed, destroy destroyed, signsigned. (2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked, provideprovided, hate hated, datedated。(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。如：supplysupplied, flyflied, study studied. (from )(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，

12、双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned. 【练习】1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. My mother (cook) a

13、 nice food last Spring Festival.7. The girls (dance) at the party last night.8. She does her homework. (用yesterday改写)9. I am watching a film now.(用just now改写)10. We did a model plane yesterday.（改否定句及一般疑问句，并作两种回答）一般将来时1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。

14、这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。 We are having fish for dinner. We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me? A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.2用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here? I am going to book a ticket. 另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。 Its going to rain. George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：一是表示预见 You will feel better after taking this medicin