完整版主谓一致.docx

1、完整版主谓一致一致关系一、主谓一致在现代英语中主谓一致基本依照以下原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致原则就是依照主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式。比方：My daughter watches television after supper.My daughters watch television after supper.A letter has been sent to every student.Two letters have been sent to every students.To treat them in that way is unfair. Smo

2、king cigarettes is dangerous toyour health.意义一致原则指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主谓所表达的意义来决定。形式是单数1的主语，其谓语有可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数的主语，其谓语有可能是单数。比方：The government have broken all their promises.The class are doing experiments on heat and light.The council are of two opinions.The United States is a country advanc

3、ed in science and technology.Ten dollars is all I have left.Two thirds of the area is under water.就近原则，指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最凑近它的词语，而主语又不仅一个时，谓语平时和最凑近它的主语一致。比方：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.Neither she nor I am wet.Either you or he was in the wrong.上述三条原则的详尽应用则比较复杂，以下几点应予以注意：

4、21 谓语动词单数的情况（1）不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。比方：To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say“yes”.What I did was give her a book.（2）事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。比方：The United States is a countryadvanced in science and technology.The United Nations was formed in 1945.The Thirty-Nin

5、e Steps is an interesting novel.（3） One, every, everyone, everybody, each, one of, many a, either, neither, no one nobody, anyone,3someone, somebody 用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。比方： Many a student doesnt like having to do their homework.One of the teachers is absent today.Every boy and girl is treated in the

6、same way.Neither of the two girls is at home.（4）表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等的词语用作主语表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 比方：Fifteen years represents a long period of his life.One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot.Ten thousand dollars is a large sum of money.（5）单数词作主语，虽尔后接由including, as well as, together with, in addition to

7、, accompanied by 等词连接的其他词， 谓语动词仍用单4数。比方：Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price.The factory, with all its equipment, has been burned.（6） A portion of, a series of, a kindof 等词语修饰主语时， 谓语动词一般依照语法一致的原则用单数。 比方：A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.2 谓语

8、动词复数的情况（1） both, some, few, many, several等词语修饰主语时，谓语动词一般依照语法一致的原则用复数。比方：Both of them have gone to Shanghai on business.Few of my classmates really understand me.Several students were late for5school yesterday.（2）形容词前加定冠词泛指时，谓语动词用复数。比方：In many western films, the goodare well rewarded and the bad are

9、punished.3 其他情况（1）由 and 连接两个主语时， 谓语动词一般用复数。比方：Your problem and mine aresimilar.The secretary and the headmaster of the school were present at the meeting.但当 and 连接的词语作整体考虑，或在意义上指同一个人或物时，谓语动词一般用单数。 比方：Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.The secretary and the headmaster of the school was present

10、 at the meeting.6当由 and 连接的两个单数名词前面有 each, every 等词修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。比方：Each actor and actress was invited.一个单数名词前有由 and 连接的两个形容词修饰时，谓语动词一般用复数。比方：Chinese and Japanese silk are good quality.（2）当 or, either or, neither nor,not only. but also 连接一个单数主语和一个复数主语时，谓语动词的数取决于它周边的主语的数。比方：Neither the prices nor the

11、 quality has changed.Neither the quality nor the prices have changed.（3）集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常取决于主语的意义。当主语表示整体时，谓语动词用单7数；当主语强招集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数。The family is the basic unit ofthe societyThe family have agreed amongthemselves to spend theirvacation in Italy.这 些 集 体 名 词 有 ： people,army, audience, cattle, clas

12、s,club, committee, crowd, family,government, group, majority,party, police, public, staff, team 等，其中 people, cattle, police 常用复数。（4）一些表示数量的词语： 如 a lot of, any of, most of, half of, two-thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of 与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词用单数，谓语动词也用单数，名词

13、用复数，谓语动词也用复数。例8如：A lot of the equipment was made in China.A lot of my friends are here to celebrate my birthday.Most of the book is interesting. Most of the books are informative though a little dull.注意当 a number of 修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数，而当 the number of 与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。比方：A number of students were late f

14、or school owing to the storm.The number of errors was surprising二、代词一致代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、 性、人称等方面保持一致，或代词和它所指代的名词词组在某些方面保持一致。比方：The city is proud of its parks.9The nurse picked up the baby and handed it to its mother.1.由 and 连接两个先行词，代词用复数。 比方：George and John sat down with their coats on.2.由 or, either o

15、r, neither. nor, notonly but also 连接的先行词若是在数和性上是一致的，就用其相应的代词；若是先行词在数和性上不一致，代词可与周边的先行词保持一致， 在正式文体中也可用两个不同样代词。 比方：Neither Mary nor Alice had her key with her.Neither the parcel nor the letters had reached their destination.Not only Tom but also I can do my work well.If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drink.3.当 each, everyone, everybody, no one,10none, nobody, anybody, anyone, someone, somebody用作主语或主语限制词时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。比方：Everybody talked at the top o