雅思阅读真题大全解文档格式.docx

1、Geological Survey, there had been two major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the recent（geologically speaking）past: around 1900 B.C., and about A.D. 1500. Since the arrival ofEuropeans in the region, it had experienced a single period of spasmodic activity, between 1831and 1857. Then, for more than

2、a century, Mount St. Helens lay dormant.D By 1979, the Geological Survey, alerted by signs of renewed activity, had been monitoringthe volcano for 18 months. It warned the local population against being deceived by themountains outward calm, and forecast that an eruption would take place before the

3、end of thecentury. The inhabitants of the area did not have to wait that long. On March 27, 1980,a fewclouds of smoke formed above the summit , and slight tremors were felt. On the 28th, larger anddarker clouds,. consisting of gas and ashes,. emerged and climbed as high as 20,000 feet. In Aprila sli

4、ght lull ensued, but the volcanologists remained pessimistic. The, in early May, the northernflank of the mountain bulged, and the summit rose by 500 feet.E Steps were taken to evacuate the population. Most- campers, hikers, timbercuttersleft theslopes of the mountain. Eighty-four-year-old Harry Tru

5、man, a holiday lodge owner who had livedthere for more than 50 years, refused to be evacuated, in spite of official and public, including anentire class of school children, wrote to him, begging him to leave. He never did.F On May 18, at 8.32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top. literally.

6、 Suddenly, it was1300 feet shorter than it had been before its growth had begun. Over half a cubic mile of rock haddisintegrated . At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale wasrecorded. It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice. mixed with hot rock-the entire nort

7、h face ofthe mountain had fallen away. A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shothorizontally from the volcanos riven flank, at an inescapable 200 miles per hour. As the slidingice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed alllife in their

8、path. Pulverised, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised rock climbed as adust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash andgas, welled out of volcanos new crater, and from lesser vents and cracks in its flanks.G Afterwards, scientists were ab

9、le to analyse the sequence of events. First, magmamoltenrock-at temperatures above 2000oF. had surged into the volcano from the Earths mantle. Thebuild-up was accompanied by an accumulation of gas, which increased as the mass of magmagrew. It was the pressure inside the mountain that made it swell.

10、Next, the rise in gas pressurecaused a violent decompression. Which ejected the shattered summit like a cork from a shakensoda bottle. With the summit gone, the molten rock within was released in a jet of gas andfragmented magma, and lava welled from the crater.H The effects of the Mount St. Helens

11、eruption were catastrophic. Almost all the trees of thesurrounding forest, mainly Douglas firs. were flattened. and their branches and bark ripped off bythe shock wave of the explosion. Ash and mud spread over nearly 200 square miles of country. Allthe towns and settlements in the area were smothere

12、d in an even coating of ash. Volcanic ash siltedup the Columbia River 35 miles away, reducing the debris that accumulated at the foot of thevolcano reached a depth. in places, of 200 feet.I The eruption of Mount St. Helens was one of the most closely observed and analysed inhistory. Because geologis

13、ts had been expecting the event, they were able to amass vast amounts oftechnical data when it happened. Study of atmospheric particles formed as a result of theexplosion showed that droplets of sulphuric acid, acting as a screen between the Sun and theEarths surface, caused a distinct drop in tempe

14、rature. There is no doubt that the activity of MountSt. Helens and other volcanoes since 1980 has influenced our climate . Even so, it has beencalculated that the quantity of dust ejected by Mount St. Helens - a quarter of a cubic mile- wasnegligible in comparison with that thrown out by earlier eru

15、ptions, such as that of Mount Katmaiin Alaska in 1912 （three cubic miles）. The volcano is still active. Lava domes have formed insidethe new crater, and have periodically burst. The threat of Mount St Helens lives on.Questions 1 and 2Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the appropriate letter A-I inb

16、oxes 1 and 2 on your answersheet.Example AnswerWhich paragraph compares the eruption to the energy Areleased by nuclear bomb?1. Which paragraph describes the evacuation of the mountain?2. Which paragraph describes the moment of the explosion of Mount St. Helens?Questions 3 and 43. What are the dates

17、 of the TWO major eruptions of Mount St. Helens before 1980?Write TWO dates in box 3 on your answer sheet.4 How do scientists know that the volcano exploded around the two dates above?Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS , write your answer in box 4 on your answersheetQuestions 5-8Complete the summary of

18、events below leading up to the eruption of Mount St. Helens. ChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.In 1979 the Geological Survey warned . （5） . to expect a violent eruption before the end of thecentury. The forecast was s

19、oon proved accurate. At the end of March there were tremors andclouds formed above the mountain. This was followed by a lull, but in early May the top of themountain rose by . （6）. . People were .（7） . from around the mountain. Finally, on May 18that .（8） ., Mount St. Helens exploded.Question 9 and

20、10Complete the table below giving evidence for the power of the Mount St. Helens eruption.Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.Item Equivalent toExampleThe energy released by the explosion ofMount St. HelensAnswer500 nuclear bombsThe area of land covered in mud or ash .（9）.The q

21、uantity of dust ejected .（10）.Question 11Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 11 one your answer sheet.11. According to the text the eruption of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes has influenced ourclimate by .A increasing the amount of rainfall.B heating the atmosphere.C cooling

22、the air temperature.D causing atmospheric storms.READING PASSAGE 2Questions 12-16Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below.Write the appropriate numbers （i-x） in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.NB There are m

23、ore headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.You may use any of the headings more than once.List of Headings（i） The effect of changing demographics on organisations（ii） Future changes in the European workforce（iii） The unstructured interview and its validity（iv） The person-skills mat

24、ch approach to selection（v） The implications of a poor person-environment fit（vi） Some poor selection decisions（vii） The validity of selection procedures（viii） The person-environment fit（ix） Past and future demographic changes in Europe（x） Adequate and inadequate explanations of organisational failu

25、reExample Paragraph A Answer （x）12. Paragraph B13. Paragraph C14. Paragraph D15. Paragraph E16. Paragraph GPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 Britishcompanies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-

26、mortem analysis is traditionallyundertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because ofundercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely,organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen

27、 oftenunderperform and fail to meet shareholders expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainmentof organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet andthe paper conversion of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more completeexplanation of what we

28、nt wrong necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisationactually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, ispeople.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for thejob involves more than ident

29、ifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational andprofessional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who ismost likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition toacquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place i