初中英语语法总复习提纲2Word文档格式.docx

1、12月1日:Dec.1st或thefirstofDecember；XX年11月8日:Nov.8th,XX.3、表示时刻：5：15fivefifteen或aquarterpastfive;8：30eightthirty或halfpasteight;10：45tenforty-five或aquartertoeleven.4、表示编号：Room105Roomone0five;BusNo.13BusNumberThirteen;P.5PageFive;Tel.No.7658659TelephoneNumberseven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7fi

2、vepointseven,0.16zeropointonesix.6、“半”的表达：1/2half,半小时halfanhour,1.5小时oneandahalfhours或onehourandahalf.7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。Thethirdlessonisratherdifficult./Shallwereadthetextathirdtime?五、冠词1、冠词分类及读法：英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the读法：单独念时读Ti:,在句子中常发Ti或者T；不定冠词a/an的读法：

3、单独念时读ei/An；在句子中常发/n。2、不定冠词a/an的用法：不定冠词a/an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面;an用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。Thereisadoglyingontheground.表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。Aelephantismuchstrongerthanaman.表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。HeisateacherofEnglish.表示“一”这个数量。Thereisatableandfourchairsinthatdining-room.几个用不定冠词的习语：abit,alitt

4、le,afew,alot,akindof,apairof,anumberof,apieceof,halfanhour,haveagoodtime,haveacold,makeanoise,have/takea一会儿,等等。3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：表示特指的人或事物。Themanwithaflowerinhishandisjack.指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。Lookattheblackboard,Lily.复述前面提到过的人或事物。Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.

5、表示世界上独一无二的事物。Theearthturnsaroundthesun.用在表示方位的名词前面。TherewillbestrongwindtothesouthoftheyangtzeRiver.在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。whoisthefirstonetogo?/ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.常用在乐器名称的前面。Hebegantoplaytheviolinattheageof5.用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。IhaveneverbeentotheHimalayamountains.用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。Heis

6、fromtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.用在姓氏之前表示一家人。TheGreensaregoingtomountEmeinextmonth.same之前一般用the。LucyandLilylookthesame.几个用定冠词的习语：atthesametime,makethebed,intheend,allthetime,bytheway,ontheway等等。4、一些不用冠词的情况：专有名词和一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。chinaisaverylargecountry./manneedsairandwater.名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。mypenismuc

7、hmoreexpensivethanyours.周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。Hewasbornonmonday,February18,1995./Theyusuallyplanttreesonthehillsinspring.复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。menareclevererthanmonkeys.三餐饭前不用。wehavebreakfastathomeandlunchatschool.节、假日前一般不用。onchildrensDaytheboysoftengetpresentsfromtheirparents.球类名词前不用。ThechildrenplayfootballonS

8、aturdayafternoons.城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。TheyarenowatPeoplescinema.一些习惯用语中不用。at/to/from/outof/after/forschool;in/to/for/afterclass;in/to/outof/intobed;after/at/from/outof/towork;at/tosea;in/from/down/totown;at/fromhome;at/for/tobreakfast/lunch/supper;atnight/noon/midnight;onfoot;gotoschool/bed;ontopof;inf

9、rontof;onshow/display/duty/watch;in/outofhospital;atall;on/intime;atfirst/last/once;inchinese/English,etc.;takecareof六、形容词、副词：1、形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。abigyellowwoodenwheel作表语时放在连系动词之后。Thepricesoundsreasonable.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。

10、wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。Hes1.8metrestall.Themoonisabout380,000kilometresawayfromtheearth.3、有关形容词的用法辨析：whole与all：记住两个词序：thewhole+名词；allthe+名词。Hewasbusythewholemorning./Hecanrememberallthewordshelearns

11、.tall与high,short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。Hesverytall/short./Talltreesarestandingonbothsidesofthatavenue./Afewpeopleliveonhighmountains.real与true：real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。Thisisarealdiamondanditsveryexpensive./-Isthattrue?yes.Ihearditwithmyownears.interested与intere

12、sting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。Themanisveryinterestingandallthechildrenlikehim./Thisbookisinterestingandyoucanreallyenjoyyourself./Iaminterestedinscience.such用法：such+a+名词。Ihaveneverseensuchafoolishboy./Hehadsuchaterribleaccidentthathecouldneverforgetit.good与we

13、ll：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“好”时用well.如：Doingsportsisgoodforus./Studywellandmakeprogresseveryday./-Howareyou?Iamverywell.nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。Letsgoandsharethenicecake./Sheisanicegirl./whatafineday!/Hesfinerecently.toomuch与muchtoo：toomuch表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；muchtoo表示“太

14、过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。IamfullbecauseIhavehadtoomuchrice./Thatcoatismuchtoodear.quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。Afteraquickbreakfast,hehurriedtoschoolleavinghisbagathome./Atrainismuchfasterthanabus./Hisfatherwillbebacktochinaverysoon.lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词

15、,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,。Helivesalonebuthedoesntfeellonely./Heisalonelyperson.youcannoteasilygetonwellwithhim.other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,orelse表示“否则”,是连词。Theotherstudentsareontheplayground./whoelsecanworkoutthismathsproble

16、m?/Thisisnobodyelsesmoney.Itsmine./Doyouhaveanythingelsetosayforyourself?specialattentiontoclothes./Thesearespecialchairsforsmallchildren.gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。myfeverisgone,butIstil

17、lhaveacough./Theparentsfoundthelostchildatlast./mydictionaryismissing.whostakenitaway?/Formoredetailedinformationofthemissinggirls,pleasevisitourwebsite.living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都于动词live“生活、居住”。living读liviN有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,“一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；live读laiv,指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；

18、alive读laiv作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively读laivli有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的,鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。例如：Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedorally./wehavealivinghopethatyouwillsucceed./Isshestillalive?/Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive./Thisisalivefish./Alivewireisdangerous./Sheisaslivelyasakitten./Hegavealivelydescriptionofth

19、efootballmatch.sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。Hehasbeenill/sickforalongtimeandheisveryweaknow./Vetshelptreatsickpetsandmostofthepetsownerslikethem.thepoor/therich等用法：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。wemusttryourbesttohelpthepoor./Therichneverknowhowthepoorareliving.2、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、

20、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today,tomorrow,once,here,there,very,too,well,how,too,also,yesterday,now,twice,home,below,enough,hard,where,nor,so,then,early,late,always,anywhere,rather,quite,alone,when,as,on,off,once,soon,just,usually,above,outside,how,so,fas

21、t,why,either,tonight,long,often,in,inside,out,much,just,together,whetheryes,no,already,yet,before,sometimes,back,up,down,nearly,onlysuddenly,however,etc.not,neitherago,later,eversincenever,away,off,far,almost,hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after,whenever,near,nearby,aslongas等,的副词where,perhaps,first,someday,e

22、ver,wherevereven,all,why,howcertainly,sometime,last,everywhere,alittle,abitwhen,2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：作状语：时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。wewillvisittheGreatwalltomorrow./TheyhavealreadybeentotheUktwice./Soonthelostboyfoundhiswaybackhome.频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词

23、之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、threetimes等一般放在句尾。SometimesIgetupearly./Theworkersusuallyhavelunchatthefactory./Takethismedicinetwiceaday.方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。oldpeoplecanhardlywalkasquicklyasyoungpeople./Suddenlyhesawalightinthedarkcave.地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here

24、、there还可放在句首。Thereyoucanseethousandsofbikesrunninginalldirections./Thefrightenedwolfranaway./Hewalkedoutquietlyandturnedbacksoon.程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。Inearlyforgotallaboutitifhedidnottellmeagain./ItwassostrangethatIcouldhardlybeli

25、evemyears./Shegottothestationearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。whenandwherewereyouborn?/whydidlittleEdisonsitonsomeeggs?/Howdoyoudo?连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。HowIamgoingtokillthecatisstillaquestion./Thatiswhyeveryoneisafraidofthetiger./Hewonderedhowhecoulddoitthenextday.关

26、系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。ThisistheplacewheremrZhangoncelived./PleasetellmethewayhowyouhavelearnedEnglishsowell.其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either“也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。HewenttothePalacemuseumandIwentthere

27、,too./maybeyourticketisinyourinsidepocket./-Tomdoesnthaveacomputer.NordoI.作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。Imverysorryheisntinatthemoment./Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfornearly20years./jimisoverthere.作定语：时间副词以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants./womenther

28、ewerelivingaterriblelifeinthe1920s.作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。Putyourdirtysocksaway,jim!Theyaregivingoutbadsmell!/Fatherkepthiminanddoinghislessons.注意“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。Hewrotedowntheword.Hewroteitdown.3、有关副词的重要注释：asas常构成一些词组：assoonas,aswellas,as+形容词/副词+aspossible。Pleaseringmeupassoonasyougetto

29、Beijing./missGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.注释“aslong/muchas+名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan./Theystayedinthecaveaslongastwoweeks.later、after、ago、before的用法：“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。ago与before：ago只能用于过