高考分类题库考点3 阅读理解 外研版必修12Word文档格式.docx

1、 cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water （and it does take a lot）,you can create a“non-Newtonian”liquid that doesnt behave like normal water.Now,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles（粒子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.

2、Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound,its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings

3、 handy in case you start to sinkand take a shower afterward!【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。水上行走虽然非常有趣,从理论来说是可能的,但在实践中是不切实际的,这主要是由人体的局限性造成的。44.Walking on water hasnt become a reality mainly because humans.A.are not interested in itB.have biological limitationsC.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an a

4、ttempt【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing.可知,水上行走不能实现是由人体的局限性造成的。45.What do we know aboutBasilicus basilicusfrom the passage?A.It is light enough to walk on water.B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C.It can run across water at a certain sp

5、eed.D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的It can run across water.will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.可知,Basilicus basilicus可以以一定的速度在水上跑。46.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A.To create a thick liquid.B.To tu

6、rn the water into solid.C.To help the liquid behave normally.D.To enable the water to move rapidly.【解析】选A。根据第三段中的particles in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard可知,玉米粉的功能是形成浓厚的液体,以形成坚硬的表面。47.What is the authors attitude toward the idea of humanswalking on water?A.It is ris

7、ky but beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying.C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段中的Fun though all this may sound,its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.可知,作者认为水上行走虽然从理论来说

8、是可能的,但是不切实际。辽宁卷C）话题:树木生存法则词数:267W难度:Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals,trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that tre

9、es are competing for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact,the opposite is true:trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen（氮）and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌）netwo

10、rks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all.Simard talks about“mother trees”,us

11、ually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree soci

12、eties”or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice ofit,”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying,but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry ind

13、ustry,we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了与达尔文的“适者生存论”相反的how tree societies work这一新发现。29.The underlined sentence“the opposite is true”in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees.A.compete for survivalB.protect their own wealthC.depend

14、 on each otherD.provide support for dying trees文中第二段提到Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest（达尔文的适者生存）,而UBC Professor Simard却认为“正好相反”,下文接着论述树木是如何相互依赖以达到生存目的的。故C项表述正确。30.“Mother trees”are extremely important because they.A.look the largest in size in the forestB.p

15、ass on nutrition to young treesC.seem more likely to be cut down by humansD.know more about the complex“tree societies”根据文章第四段中的Simard talks about“mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.可知,mother trees是其他树木的依靠,下文接着提到.how dying trees pass on the wealth to

16、the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.故B项“给幼树提供营养”正确。31.The underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refers to.A.how“tree societies”workB.how trees grow oldC.how forestry industry developsD.how young trees survive词义猜测题。“We didnt take any noti

17、ce ofit,”Simard says sadly.是对上面一个段落中提到的mother trees如何传递营养给幼树的一个解释和说明,是承接上段的内容,故it指的是“树木家族如何运转、传递营养”这一内容。32.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB.Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC.Trees Are More Awesome Than You ThinkD.Trees Contribute To Our Society主旨

18、大意题。本文主要讲述how“tree societies”work这一新发现。故C项正确。湖北卷动物行为研究词数:322难度:Working with a group of baboons（狒狒）in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given t

19、he chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality

20、had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the e

21、xperienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that

22、 personality plays a key role in social learning in animals,something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive（认知的）tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve t

23、hem,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individua

24、ls,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members,preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.【文章大意】对动物行为的研究折射人类文化的形成。59.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The design of Dr.Carters research.B.The results of

25、 Dr.Carters research.C.The purpose of Dr.Carters research.D.The significance of Dr.Carters research.段落大意题。通过第一段最后一句“To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were,Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.”可知第一段主要论述了Dr.Carter进行的研究计划。

26、60.According to the research,which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?A.Those that have more experience.B.Those that can avoid potential risks.C.Those that like to work independently.D.Those that feel anxious about learning.根据第三段第二句“The anxious individuals learnt the task by obs

27、erving others while those who were relaxed did not,even though they spent more time watching.”可知选择Those that feel anxious about learning。61.Which best illustrates the“mismatch”mentioned in Paragraph 4?A.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B.Some baboons are shy but active in social act

28、ivities.C.Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.D.Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.根据第四段第一句得知这种mismatch的行为应在上文第三段已经提及,因此可以定位到第三段“The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not,even though they spent more time watching.”所

29、以答案选C。62.Dr.Carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through.A.storing informationB.learning from each otherC.understanding different peopleD.travelling between social groups根据最后一段最后一句可知文化是人们在相互学习、交流中形成的。江西卷D）DEveryone looks forward to progress, whether in ones personal life or in the general societ