四级考试常用语法Word格式.docx

1、）for allfor all- in spite of 尽管He did not do well in the race，for all his training.尽管他进行了很多训练，但他的赛跑成绩并不很理想。For all his money，he was very unhappy尽管他有不少钱，但他并不很幸福。 alternativealternative n-选择，替代办法，注意下面成语的习惯用法：have no alternative but to do没有别的选择，只好Theres no alternative but to fight除了战斗以外，没有别的选择。 I had n

2、o alternative but to walk out我没有别的办法，只有走出去。andand -用在省略if的特殊条件句中：Five minutes earlier，we could have caught the last trainaand bbut cor dso（答案aCET4936译文：再早5分钟，我们就可能赶上最后一趟火车了。）Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy, balanced families. a. are often seeing b. wi

3、ll often see c. often see d. have often seen（答案 bCET4956译文：只要打开电视机或翻开一本杂志，你常常可以看到排列整齐的全家福广告照片。anything butanything but - not at all；far from根本不，一点不，作表语，but后面可以跟名词、形容词或过去分词：Hes anything but lazy/a hero. 他一点不懒/根本不是个英雄。The bridge is anything but safe/finished.这座桥一点不安全离完工还差得很远。 Alone in a deserted house

4、，he was so busy with his research work that he felt _ lonelyanothing but banything but call but deverything but（ 答案 b考研90译文：他一个人在一所房子里搞研究工作，一点也不感到寂寞。as（四级考试频度很大的几个用法）1.引导让步状语从句（通常可以用though替换），使用下面句型：1）形容词副词十as主语十谓语：Young as I am，I know some of the family secrets尽管我还很小，但我了解一些家庭秘密。Much as like her，I w

5、ill not marry her虽然我很喜欢她，但我并不想与她结婚。Some members of the staff couldnt handle the case，hard as they tried一些职员不管怎么想办法也解决不了这个问题。2）原形动词十as十主语十maymightwillwouldTry as he would，he could not lift the rock不管他用多大劲也举不起那块石头。There was not a soul to be found in the house，search as they would不管他们怎么寻找，房子里也找不到一个人。2.

6、作关系代词，使用下面句型：suchas（as在此接近于who/that/which）：Such women as Tom knew thought he was charming.汤姆认识的那些妇女都认为他长得很迷人。I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听说过他讲的那些故事。He never hesitates to make such criticisms as are considered helpful to others只要对别人有帮助，他从不犹豫提出这类批评。It wasnt such a good dinner she had pro

7、mised us athat bwhich cas dwhat（答案cCET4901译文：它并不是像她承诺我们的那样一顿美餐。）2）用在the sameas句型中：He doesnt believe the same things as you do他不相信你相信的那些东西。as的这一用法在OALD词典中被当作连词，但在张道真教授编的现代英语用法词典（重排本）P70中被当作关系代词，似乎后者更合理、更好理解些。3用在asbe动词十表语从句中，表不正如He is absent，as is often the case他正如通常那样又缺席了。Freddie，as might be expected

8、，was attending the conference正如可能预料的那样，弗雷迪当时正在出席会议。As was expected，he performed the task with success正如预料的那样，他成功地完成了任务。 _ is known to the world，Mark Twain is a great American writer. aThat bWhich cAs dIt（答案 cCET4正如世人所知，马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 _ is generally accepted，economical growth is determined by the sm

9、ooth development of productionaWhat bThat cIt dAs（答案d考研95译文：正如所公认的那样，经济增长是由生产的平 稳发展所决定的。）（注：as在这一句型中是连词还是关系代词也存在着争议，它在结构上更接近关系代词，但as与thatwhich不同，thatwhich引导的关系从句只能放在先行词后面，而as引导的从句不但可以放在主句的后面，还可以放在主句的前面。4as用于省略句，为避免重复，as代替表语或宾语部分：David is tall，as are my brothers像我的几个弟兄们一样，戴维也是个高个儿。（as are my brothers

10、用的是倒装语序，正常语序应是 as my brothers are。）The Second World War，as did the earlier one of 1914，prompted public concern about a physical and Intellectual wellbeing of the countrys human resources第二次世界大战，正如早些时候1914年的那次一样，立即引起了公众对这个国家人力资源的身心健康的关注。5as用于省略句，引起分词短语作状语：As expected，the afforestation movement rapidl

11、y spread正如预料的那样，植树造林运动迅速扩展开来。It usually happens as described above它的发生通常如上面所描写的那样。He had failed to visit her as promised他没有像他允诺的那样去看望她。His first novelNight was an account of the Nazi crimes _ through the eyes of a teenaged boyaas seen bwhich saw cbut was seen dand were seen（答案a选自六级样题译文：他的第一部小说夜通过一个十

12、几岁的男孩的眼睛描述了纳粹的罪行。6用于as muchas；not so much as或not soas十形容词十as句式中：He said the situation there was not so bad as had been painted他说，那里的局势并不像所描绘的那样糟。The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach the art of learning学校教育的伟大作用与其说是教给你东西，还不如说是教给你如何学习的技能。He is not so much

13、a writer as a reporter与其说他是位作家，还不如说他是个记者。They were expected to be models of virtue，honoured as much for their character as for their learning人们期望他们成为美德的典范，不但因为他们的学识，而且因为他们的品德而受到敬重。7用于 as if/as though引导的省略句中：He paused as if expecting Lenny to speak（as if后面跟现在分词）他停了一下，好象是在等待拉尼讲话一样。The boy turned， as i

14、f awakened from some dream。（后面跟过去分词）那男孩翻了翻身，好像从梦中醒来一样。He opened his mouth as if to speak something（后面跟不定式）他张张口，好像要说些什么。He glanced as if in search of something（后面跟介词短语）他瞟了一眼，好像在寻找什么东西一样。8用在just as，so结构中：Just as the soil is a part of the earth，_ the atmosphere aas it is bthe same is cso is dand so is（

15、答案 c考研正如土壤是地球的一部分一样，大气层也是地球的一部分。）（so is the atmosphere是倒装句。在句式中，so引导的主句常用倒装语序，尤其在主语特别长时更是如此，so代替被省略了的表语部分。）Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks， _ the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his wordsaso bas cthus dlike（答案 aCET6正如建筑工人砌砖郁闲熟的技艺一样，有经验的作家在用词做文章上也有高超的技艺。）

16、 beforebefore一特别要注意before在下面几个例句中的用法，在这些例句中，before相当于and then，汉语常译为然后；才I must finish my work before go home我必须先把工作做完再回家。He had to be called two or three times before he would come to his dinner往往要叫他两三遍，他才肯过来吃饭。The farmer decided to drive the cows away before they made more damage to the crops那个农夫决定把

17、那些牛赶走，以免对庄稼造成更大的损害。It was several years before we met again又过了好几年我们才又见了面。A man escaped from the prison last nightIt was a long time the guards discovered what had happened abefore buntil csince dwhen（答案 aCET4昨晚一个犯人从监狱逃跑了，过了好久警卫才发现发生了什么事。）Scientists say it may be five or ten years _ it is possible to

18、 test this medicine on human patients. A. since b. before c. after d. when （答案 bCET4科学家们说，可能还需要 5到 10年才能将这种药在病人身上作实验。before的这一用法经常考试）busybusy -busy作表语时仅面可跟如下结构：busy withatover/-ing忙于Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination ato prepare bto be pre

19、pared cpreparing dbeing prepared（答案 cCET4936 译文：琼昨天晚上没有时间去听音乐会，因为她在忙于准备考试。）We were busy （get）things ready for the trial production when he phoned us（考研80答案：将get变为getting译文：我们正为试生产而忙着做准备时，他打来了电话）but forbut for -用于虚拟语气中，表示若非，相当于if not，后面跟名词；还可用 but that引导一个从句，陈述具体事实：_ bed its destination on time. aIn

20、case of bIn spite of cBecause of dBut for（答案 dCET6若不是由于洪水，轮船就可以按时抵达目的地了）。He might have been killed _ the arrival of the policeaexcept for bbut for cwith dfor（答案 bCET6 若不是警察赶到，他可能就被杀害了。） _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. a. In spite of b. But for c. Because of d.

21、 As for（答案 b考研91译文：要不是有英语考试，我上个星期天就去听音乐会了。but thatbut that - 用在虚拟语气中，but that从句谓语用陈述语气，陈述具体事实，表示倘没有，若不是 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.他本来会帮助我们的， 但当时他没有钱。 but that 还用在（It is） not thatbut that句式中,表示不是因为而是因为Not that John doesnt want to help you, but that its beyond

22、his power.不是约翰不想帮助你，而是因为他无能为力。cancouldcancould - 1canttoo怎么也不为过You cant be _ careful in making the decision as it is such a critical caseaquite bvery ctoo dso（答案 c选自六级样题译文：做这一决定时再细心也不为过，因为这是一件至关重要的事情。2t/couldnt+比较级表示不可能再，实际上等于最The earthquake could not have come at a worse time for the wartorn countr

23、y对于那个饱受战争之苦的国家来说， 地震发生的时间再糟糕不过了。3t+完成式用于推断过去不可能发生了某事Mary、my letter， otherwise she would have replied before nowahas received b. ought to have received c. couldnt have received d. shouldnt have received（答案 C考研玛丽不可能收到了我的信，不然她一定会回信的。）Comrade Li _ be in Beijing because saw him in town only a few minutes

24、 agoamustnt bcant cmay not disnt able to（答案b考研80译文：李同志不可能在北京，因为仅在几分钟前我还在城里见到了他。cannot help-ingcannot help-ing -禁不住，忍不住；避免不了I couldnt help overhearing what he said.我禁不住偷听了他说的话。We couldnt help their seeing us我们避免不了他们看见我们。cannot help but docannot help but do -不由得，不能不（与 cannot help-ing基本同义）：t help but r

25、espect them你不由的要尊敬他们。在这个句式中，还可以把help省略掉，意思不变，如上面的句子也可改变为：You cannot but respect them）cannot choose but docannot choose but do -注意ht后面习惯上跟不带 to的不定式，表示没有别的办法，只好； He cannot choose but obey他没有别的办法，只好服从。choicechoice -注意choice在下面句型中的用法：1have no choice but to dos no choice for sb but to do（注意 but后面的不定式必须带

26、to）：We had no choice but to do what we were asked我们不得不做要求我们做的工作。2have no other choice than to doThe beaten enemy had no other choice thanasurrender bsurrendering cto surrender dto be surrendered（答案c译文：被打败的敌人没有别的选择只好投降。do more than dodo more than do -注意 than后面习惯上跟不带to的不定式，表示不仅仅，不单单，不只是In the course o

27、f a day students do far more than Just classesaattend b attended c.to attend dattending（答案 aCET4在一天之内，学生不只是上课（还要做许多别的事情）。Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the use in student cheating除了谈论学生作弊的上升以外，全国各地的大学已决定采取一切措施。（摘自大学英语第二册第8课 Honesty：Is It Going Out

28、 of Style？do nothing but（do）do nothing but（do） -仅仅（做），只（做），除外什么都不（做）Lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bedHe must have done nothing but _ （drink）（答案：but后用原形动词 drink。考研89）（注意下面的句式）So there was nothing for them to do _ their places at the end of Itaexcept take bbut take cbesides take d but to take（答案 d译文：他们只好在尽头自己的座位上坐下。）（注意这里的 but后面用不定式to take与前面的for them to do是并列的，处在相同的位置上，作nothing的定语： nothing to do but to take.）do nothing else than （do）do nothing else than （do） - 注意：do nothing后面用了else后就要用than而不再用but, 但than后面同样用不带to的不定式