海文考研英语长难句讲义Word文档格式.docx

1、例6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as else

2、where multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.（2005年真题）二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in

3、Xian a few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.例3. However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.（2009年第3篇）三、考研

4、英语长难句之倒装句倒装（inversion）是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装（complete inversion）。如Then began a bitter war between the two countries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。 只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）。如At no time was the entrance left unguarded.入口无时无人把守。

5、英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误，后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。例1Among the advantages that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the pa

6、rallel processing of information, making them faster than todays semiconductor devices.例2This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear. 注意：调整语序，加强语气。 以There be引出的倒装句 a. There seem to be many good

7、 candidates in the district. b. There exist many problems among the present day students. c. There appears to be a man in black in the distance. 以副词here, there, then, now, next引出的倒装句 a. Here come the rest of the party. b. Now comes your turn. c. Then followed the discovery of a new compound. d. Next

8、 came Edward with his wife.以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句 a. At the school gate stood a guard. b. Under the tree are sitting some students. c. On the bed lay a pretty kitten. 主语为代词时，不用倒装 Behind the counter he stood. Behind the counter stood a man with glasses.以表方位的副词引出的倒装句a. Up went the arrow into the air.b. Down

9、fell a dozen apples. c. Off went the horse.not短语置于句首 a. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact. b. Not a moment did she waste on campus. c. Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend. d. Not simple is this book interesting, but also instructive.no短语置于句首 a. By no means sho

10、uld he be left alone. b. In no way are can we allow this to continue. c. In no case are you to leave your post.d. On no account should we follow blindly. e. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy. f. No longer are they staying with us. g. No sooner had she finished the poem than the

11、students began go ask her questions.only置于句首 a. Only by this means is it possible to explain his failure to act decisively. b. Only after making investigation can we have the right to speak. c. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 比较状语从句中的倒装 a. He ran as fast as did the person who ca

12、me from England. b. I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position. c. The greater the number of the free electrons in a material, the better is the conductivity of the material. 让步状语从句中的倒装 a. Small as atoms, electrons are still smaller. b. Complex as it may appear, the rocket, which was

13、 invented in China over 800 years ago, is a relatively simple device. c. Hard as I tried to explain it to him, he still didnt understand. d. Much as I disagree with you, I yet respect you. e. Vague though its category （is）, it is without doubt an essay. f. Try as he would, he could not lift the rock

14、.四、考研英语长难句之被动语态1.变为汉语的主动形式e.g. In his attitude can be found seeds for art in the 20th century: the art of the primitive, of symbol, and of imagination.e.g. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be tested either with the consideration humans ext

15、end to other humans, or with no consideration at all. e.g. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished

16、 by lack of relevant information which they possessed. e.g. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.2.被动结构的表语化，可译为：“是的”， “由的”等。e.g. The movement

17、to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader.e.g. This picture was taken by my brother as he went to Yunnan.3.译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。e.g. For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skill

18、s.e.g. It should be made clear to entire citizens that whoever enjoys rights must undertake corresponding obligations.e.g. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.e.g. How well the predictio

19、ns will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.4.增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。e.g. With the new technique, measurement was claimed to be much more precise.e.g. And it is

20、imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.e.g. During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new

21、 forms of evidence in the historical study.综合例题：Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.（2007年真题）五、 考研英语长难句之形式主语（宾语）结构1. It is + adjective/ noun + clause 先翻从

22、句部分， 再翻形容词/名词部分。a. So it is quite sad when divorces come with small provocations, when parents and children give up on one another, when friendships falter at the first injury, for thus we forfeit a great work of artthe long love.b. It is thus no exaggeration that Americans have taken to mechanical

23、cooling avidly and greedily. c. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions.2. It is + adjective + infinitive to注意： 先翻不定式部分， 再翻形容词部分。 a. It is extremely

24、wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year of two and be lost forever to her profession. b. It is essential for modern men to master one or two foreign languages. c. It is difficult for us to over-praise the book.3. It is + pas

25、t participle + that-clause 先翻过去分词部分， 再翻从句部分。 a. It is reported that Sadam Hussein was betrayed by his janissary. b. It is said that c. It is believed that d. It is rumored that e. It is estimated that f. It is known thatg. It is argued that六、考研英语长难句之强调句型例1.Thus, in the American economic system it is

26、 the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. （被动句）七、考研英语长难句之并列平行结构英语常用并列连词，如：and, but, so, yet, for, nor

27、, or, not only:.but also, either or或neithernor等连接两个或几个同等成分，这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是动词的宾语、介词短语或名词的定语等。例1In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. （1995年真题）例2Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.（1998年真