1、encage, enbedex-, ec-, es-外部、外exit, eclipse, expand, exportextra-额外extractionfore-在前面forehead, foregroundin-, il- im-, ir-向内、在内、背于inland, invade, inside, importinter-, intel-在 间,相互international, interaction,intro-向内、在内、内侧introduce,medi-, med-, mid-中,中间Mediterranean, midpositionout-在上面,在外部,在外outline,
2、 outside, outwardover-在上面,在外部,向上overlook, overhead, overboardpost-向后,在后面,次postscript ( 附言 ), postgraduatepre-在前,在前面prefix, preface, prepositionpro-在前、向前progress, proceedsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-在下面,下subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplementsuper-, sur-在 之上superficial, surf
3、ace, superstructuretrans-移上,转上,在那一边translate, transform, transoceanicunder-在 下面,下的underline, undergroundup-向上,向上面,在上upward, uphold, uphill3. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀ante-, anti-先前,早于,预先antecedent, anticipateex-先、故、旧ex-president, ex-husband在前面、先前、前面foreword, foretellmid-, medi-midnight, midsummer在后,后postwarpre-,
4、 pri-在前、事先、预先preheat, prewar, prehistory在前、先、前prologue ( 序幕 ), prophetre-再一次、重新retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀副、次要的byproduct超越、额外extraordinaryhyper-超过、极度hypersonic, hypertension超过、过分outdo (超过), outbid超过、过度、太overeat, overdress, oversleepsub-, suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor, subordinate, succession超过supernatura
5、l, superpower, surplus低劣、低下undersize, undergrownvice-副、次vice-president, vice-chairman5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-共同、一起combine, connect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym-同、共、和、类synthesis, sympathy6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀al-完整、完全alone, almost完全、全overall, overflow ( 充满 )pan-全、总、万panentheism ( 泛神论 ), panorama
6、 (全景、概论 )7. 表示分离、离开意思的前缀a-, ab-, abs-分离、离开away, apart, abstract, abstain离去、除去depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif-disarm, divorceex-, e-离开、分离expel, exclude, expatriatefor-离开、脱离forgive, forget离开release, resolvese-分离、隔离separate, seduce, select8. 表示通过、遍及意思的前缀dia-通过、横过diameter, diagramper-, pel-通、总、遍perfect,
7、perform, pervade ( 浸透 )横过、贯通transparent, transmit, transport9. 表示加强意思的前缀arouse, ashamedad-adjoin, adhere ( 粘着 )10. 表示变换此类作用的前缀be-befriend ( 帮助、扶助 )enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign11. 表
8、示数量关系的前缀mono-, mon-单一、一monotone, monopoly, monarchambi-, bi-, di- twi-二、两、双ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci-十decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, centi-百,百分之一hectometer, centimeterkilo-千、千分之一kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, meg, micro-万、万分之一myriametre, megabyte, microvol
9、tmulti-, mult-, poly-许多、复、多数multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-半、一半hemisphere, demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula12. 表示特殊意义的前缀arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect, archbishopauto-自己、独立、自动automobile, autobiographybene-善、福benefiteu-优、美好eugenics (优生学 ), euphemism恶、不良maltr
10、eatment, malodormacro-大、宏大macroscopic (宏观 )magni-大magnificentmicro-微microscope13. 表示术语的前缀aud-听、声audiencebio-生命、生物biographyge-地球、大地geographyphon-声、音调phonographtele-远离television, telephone英语单词构词法 后缀1. 名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人后缀-an, -ian 地方的人, 精通 的人American, historian-al具有 职务的人principal-ant, -ent者merchant,
11、agent, servant, student-ar 的人scholar, liar-ard, -art做的人coward, laggard, braggart-arian派别 /主义的人,humanitarian, vegetarian-ary从事 的人secretary, missionary-ate具有 职责的人candidate, graduate-atoreducator, speculator-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat, bureaucrat-ee动作承受着employee, examinee-eer从事于 的人engineer, volunteer-er从事
12、某职业的人,某地区、地方的人banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese国人, 地方的人Japanese, Cantonese-ess阴性人称名词actress, hostess, manageress-eur家amateur, litterateur-ian地方人, 信仰教的 人,从事 职业的人Christian, physician, musician-ician精通者, 家electrician, magician, technician-icist家, 者, 能手physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic者, 师mec
13、hanic, critic-ie爱称,指小diaries, auntie, lassie-ier从事 职业cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, -ina阴性人称heroine, ballerina-ist从事研究者, 信仰 主义者pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive动作者,行动者native, captive-logist学家,研究者biologist, geologist-orauthor, doctor, operator-ster做 事情的人youngerster, gamester, songste
14、r-yer从事 职业者lawyer(2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy, diplomacy-age状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage, storage, marriage事物的动作、过程refusal, arrival, survival, denial表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency性质、状态、行为、过程fre
15、quency, urgency, efficiency-bility动作、性质、状态possibility, feasibility-craft工艺、技巧woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracy统治、支配bureaucracy, democracy-cy性质、状态、职位、级别bankruptcy, supremacy-dom等级、领域、状态freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry行为、状态、习性bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety性质、状态variety, dubiety-faction, -facture作
16、成, 化、作用satisfaction, manufacture-hood资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood, falsehood-ice行为、性质、状态notice, justice, service-ine带有抽象概念medicine, discipline, famine-ing动作的过程,结果building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition行为的过程、结果、状况action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-iseexerc
17、ise, merchandise-ism制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity性质、状态、程度purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-mony动作的结果、状态ceremony, testimony-nessgoodness, kindness, tiredness-or, -ourfavor, error-osity动作、状态curiosi
18、ty-ship情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业hardship, membership, friendship-th动作、性质、过程、状态depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tudelatitude, altitude-ure行为、结果exposure, pressure, failure-y行为的结果、状态、性质glory, history, inquiry(3) 带有场所、地方的含义住所、地点village, cottage住所、场地library, granary工作场所、饲养地、地点laundry, nursery, surgery-ory工作场
19、所、住处factory, dormitory, laboratory(4) 表示学术、科技含义-grapy学,写法biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, -ics学, 法logic, mechanics, optics-ology学, 论biology, zoology, technology-nomy学, 术astronomy, economy-ery学科、学术chemistry, cookery, machinery 学,术,法photography, philosophy(5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义baggage, tonnagenewspap
20、erdomneighbourhood, womanhood-rycavalry, ministrylegislature, judicature(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义solvent, constantsignal, pictorialcollar, pillarboiler, computer, washer, cookerdraperyclothing, mattinginstrument, equipment, attachment(7) 表示 “细小 ”的意思-cleparticle-culemolecule-elparcel-enchicken, maiden-etpocke
21、t, ticket-etta, -ette, -ettocigarette-kinnapkin-lingduckling-letbookletbaby, doggy2. 形容词后缀(1) 带有 “属性、倾向、相关”的含义-able, -iblemovable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsiblenatural, additional, educational-an, -aneurban, suburban, republicandistant, important, excellentsimilar, popular, regularmi
22、litary, voluntary-ic, -atic, -icalpolitic, systematic, physicalmasculine, feminine, marinemoving, touching, daring-ishfoolish, bookish, selfishactive, impressive, decisivesatisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eelfragile, genteel(2) 表示 “相像,类似 ”的含义boyish, childish-esquepicturesque-likemanlike, childlike
23、-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-sometroublesome, handsomemilky, pasty(3) 表示“充分的 ”含义-fulbeautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ousdangerous, generous, courageous, various-entviolent(4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义wooden, golden, woolengaseous-ficscientific(5) 表示方向的含义-erneastern, western-warddownward, forward-bledouble, treble-pletriple-foldtwofold, tenfold(7) 表示 “数量关系 ”的含义-teenthirteen-tyfiftyfourth
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