大学英语第2单元笔记Word格式.docx

1、She spoke tender words to the child.她对那孩子说了些亲切的话。疼痛的, 一触即痛的; 敏感的You should avoid the tender subject.你们应当避开这个令人不快的话题。2. （L. 21） initial: adj. of or at the beginning; first 开始的，最初的最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。（=The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.）*the initial letter of a word 一个词的首字母 3. （L. 25）

2、 await: vt. wait for * He was anxiously awaiting her reply. 他早就期待着这个时刻了。 （=He has long awaited this moment.）4. （L. 25） on occasion: now and then 有时，间或 * It has, on occasion, created trouble for the bank. 你有时使人们感到诧异。 （=You have on occasion surprised people.）CF: on occasion & on the occasion of 这两个词组非

3、常相似，但意思不同。 on occasion有时，间或。 on the occasion of在 之际。 * on the occasion of sb.s wedding5. （L. 26） neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to 忽视 * neglect ones meals and sleep 离开时别忘了锁门。 （=Dont neglect to lock the door when you leave.） neglect, ignore & omit这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。neglect 指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予

4、足够的注意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意的例如*Those who neglect their duties should be punished. 玩忽职守者应受惩罚。*Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation. 他们为什么老是不注意遵守交通规则呢？ignore 指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会，有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。例如：*When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked on. 当我看到汤姆时，我停下来和他打招呼，但他没有理

5、我继续往前走。*The teacher ignored my difficult questions. 老师对我的难题置之不理。omit 指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或无意的。该词还可指删除不利或不必要的东西。*She should not omit to visit the museum. 她不应忘了去参观博物馆。 *The third part of the book may be omitted. 该书的第三部分可以删掉。6. （L. 28） relevant: adj. directly connected with the subject 有关的，切题的（=His c

6、olor is not relevant to whether hes a good lawyer.）该证据与此案有关。（=The evidence is relevant to the case.） be relevant to （L. 29 ） investigate: 1. vt. try to find out information about调查; 审查 * Scientists are investigating how the plane crash occurred. * If you hear such a rumor, investigate it thoroughly.

7、 2. vi. make a detailed inquiry作调查；调查研究；审查 *investigate into an affair *investigate into a rumor追查谣言的来龙去脉 investigate, examine & inspect这几个词都有调查、检查之意。investigate 较正式，指有条不紊地进行调查研究以发现事实真相，更常用以说明调查案件、情况、背景来历等。*They investigated the cause of the accident. 他们调查了事故的原因。*The police are investigating the mur

8、der. 警方正在调查这件谋杀案。examine 是普通用语，指仔细地检查某人或物。该词还指官方主持的检查或医生进行的诊察，也表示对某种观点的讨论研究，更指考试。*They examined our passports very carefully. 他们仔细检查了我们的护照。*An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glasses. 眼科医生有资格来检查你的眼睛并给你配眼镜。inspect 较正式，用得不如examine广泛，指对某人或某物进行检查、查问，带有揭示其差异或缺陷的意思。更常指官员们的视察以发现下属单

9、位的缺点等，还指检阅军队。*The firemen were inspecting the warehouse for potential fire hazards. 消防人员正在检查仓库以防火灾。*Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory. 出厂之前每寸布匹都检查过。8. （L. 30） throw light on: help understanding（提供新信息）帮助理解* These facts throw new light on the matter. 这些事实使人进一步了解此事。9. （L.

10、34） exception: n. sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to例外（=There is an exception to this grammatical rule.） 这是那项规定的一个明显的例外。（= This is an apparent exception to the rule.） an exception toCollocation:with many/few exceptions 有很多/很少例外without exception 毫无例外，一律with the exception of 除之外mak

11、e an exception of 把.作为例外make no exceptions 不容许有例外；一视同仁10. （L. 39） desirable: adj. worth having as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing; worth achieving值得向往的，称心的* Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store. * It is most desirable that he should attend the conference.N

12、B: antonym: undesirable11. （L. 41） accomplish: vt. manage to do （sth.）完成（某事）* Shes accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.这项任务不是在一代人的时间里所能完成的。（= The task will not be accomplished in one generation.）accomplish ones object/goal 达到目的 accomplish ones mission 完成使命 accomplish, complete & finish这三

13、个词都含“完成”的意思。accomplish 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时兼有取得效果之意。*I dont feel our visit really accomplished anything. 我不认为我们的访问真正取了什么结果。complete 比 accomplish 具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。*The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼于本月底建成。finish 在许多情况下可与c

14、omplete换用, 但不及complete正式，常含有认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美的意思。*Finish the work off before you leave for your holiday. 你去度假前应先把工作做完。12. （L. 43） in due course: at the proper time; eventually到一定时候，没过多久* Be patient. Youll get your promotion in due course. （声音文件in due course）（=Your book will be published in du

15、e course.）13. （L. 48） critical: adj. 1） very important至关重要的* A second income is critical to the familys well-being.接下来的两个礼拜对于公司来说是至关重要的。（=The next two weeks will be critical for the company.）Collocation :a critical decision 重大的决定critical moment 紧要关头，关键时刻2） very serious or dangerous 危急的严重短缺食物（=a crit

16、ical shortage of food）critical condition 危险状态a critical illness 重病14. （L. 50） principal adj. main; chief 主要的，首要的* the principal food of the people of India* the principal rivers of Europe principal & principleprincipal和 principle的意思完全不同，但常常被混淆。principle 仅作名词用，其主要意义指基本的东西或规则和标准。principal 既是名词又是形容词。作为

17、名词，它一般指居于高位或担任重要角色的人。a meeting among all the principals in the transaction。作为形容词，它有主要的或首要的的意思。15. （L. 50） rear: 1. vt. Bring up and educate; look after （animals）养育，抚养*rear children饲养家禽（=rear poultry）2. n. back part 后部；背面* The kitchen is in the rear of the house. 停车场在这建筑物的后边。（= The parking lot is at

18、the rear of the building.）16. （L. 52） make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for补偿，弥补* I didnt travel much when I was younger, but Im certainly making up for lost time now.他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。（=They hurried on to make up for lost time.）17. （L.59） in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflect

19、ion 回顾* There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.（=In retrospect, what I have done is clearly absurd.）18. （L.64） facility: n. 1） ability to do sth. easily and well熟练，灵巧，能力* play the piano with facility有学习语言的天才（= have great facility in learning languages）2） （pl.）

20、equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things设备，设施*sports facilities*There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen. 娱乐设施（= entertainment facilities）19. （L. 71） apply: vi.1） be relevant; have an effect 适用 apply to sb./sth. *What I have said does not apply to you.教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。（=The advic

21、e given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.）2） write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.申请 apply （to sb.） for sth.apply to do sth.*We applied to the authorities for assistance.他决定申请参加学生会。（=He decided to apply to join the Student Union.）20. （L. 79）

22、priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else优先考虑的事，重点* Study is not on his list of priorities.道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。（=Road building is a first priority.）21. （L. 82） evolve: vi. develop gradually逐步发展 evolve into 进化成，发展成，逐步形成evolve from/out of 由演化而成；从发展而来*The early fish have evolved into some 30,0

23、00 different species.这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。（= The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.）*Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.这整个想法是从信口说出的一句话发展而来的。（= The whole idea evolved from a casual remark.）22. （L. 85） contrast:1. v. compare （two people or things） so that differences are mad

24、e clear对比 contrast A with/and B* In her speech she contrasted the governments optimistic promises with its dismal achievements.我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对比。（= I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.）contrast sharply/strikingly 形成鲜明的对比 contrast startlingly/strongly 形成惊人的/强烈的对比2. n. d

25、ifference between things compared 差异*The atmosphere of the Second World War in London was a complete contrast to that of the First.*There is a marked contrast between the groups actions and its principles. constitute/form a sharp contrast to 与形成鲜明的对照intensify/sharpen the contrast 加强对比reveal/show a c

26、ontrast 显示出差别23（L. 87） harbor:1. vt. keep （sth.） secretly in ones mind心怀,怀有* He might be harboring a death wish.* harbor thoughts of revenge2. n. place of shelter for ships 海港*The navy has constructed an artificial harbor. *All the ships stayed in the harbor during the storm.24. （L. 89） promote:vt.

27、help to grow or develop促进，推进* new efforts to promote the world peace促进经济发展（= promote economic growth）牛奶增进健康。（= Milk promotes health.） promote & further这两个词都可指促使某事物朝着预期的目标发展。promote 用于事物发展的各个阶段，包括起始阶段。*promote the understanding between the two countries 促进两国之间的相互了解*The audiolingual method should be p

28、romoted. 应当推广听说法。 further 则用于除了起始阶段以外的各个发展阶段。*Getting a scholarship will further her education. 获得奖学金可以使她继续深造。25. （L. 90） emerge: vi. come out出现（声音文件emerge）（=Eventually the truth of the matter emerged.）* Large scale industry emerged gradually as technology evolved. emerge from/out of 太阳从云层背后出现。（=The

29、 sun emerges from behind the clouds.）*New evidence emerged from the investigation.It emerges that *It later emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk.26. （L. 98） valid: adj. based on truth or sound reasoning有根据的*This is a valid argument against economic growth.（=They have valid reasons for refusing to do it.） 27. （