主谓一致.docx

1、主谓一致二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词Youth is beautiful.He is a youth of twenty青春抽象名词年轻人个体名词They have achieved remarkable success in their work.How about the Ch

2、ristmas evening party? I should say it was a success. 成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to some chicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具

3、有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）A.a B.an C./ D.theCould we have word before yo

4、u go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.a B.an C./ D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分Many people agree

5、 that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest time B.a more

6、happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpriseShe looked up when I

7、shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词

8、的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规 则例 词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle,

9、 staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(

10、废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数w

11、omen singers, men servantsIII. 主谓一致规则情 况举 例语法一致原则以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或wh

12、at从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由连接词and或bothand连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every

13、或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Ever

14、ything around us is matter若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America.在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are

15、 working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)