古建筑英文Word文档格式.docx

1、借景-borrowed scenery,view borrowing对景-oppositive scenery,view in opposite place 缩景-miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景- leaking through scenery框景-enframed scenery尾景-terminal feature主景-main feature副景-secondary feature配景- objective view夹景-vista line,vista 又称“风景线”前景-front view背景-background景序-order

2、of sceneries景点-feature spot,view spot园林空间-garden space开敞空间-wide open space,wide space封闭空间-encloseure space意境-artistic conception,poetic imagery苍古-antiquity空灵-spaciousness,airiness动观- in-motion viewing静观-in-position viewing轴线-axis,axial line主轴-main axis副轴-auxiliary axis暗轴- hidden axis,invisible axis又

3、称“隐轴”宫palace,temple 殿hall厅又称“堂” 室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building 阁廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush ga

4、ble roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction穿斗式构架column and tie co

5、nstruction井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱唐代术语内柱山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱雷公柱suspended column帐杆侧脚cejiao卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-h

6、ump shaped suport梁beam袱月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin （used with d

7、ougong）檩purlin （used without dougong）抟purlin脊（木行）ridged purlin脊檩脊抟金（木行）intermediate purlin金檩上中平抟老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin檐檩下平抟额枋architrave（used with dougong）檐枋阑额architrave由额垫板cushion board 檐垫板枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebe

8、am大式，指檐口构造eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter 花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版举架raising the purlin举析步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise

9、大斗cap block栌斗拱gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱flower arm昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗正心拱axial bracket arm 泥道拱axial bracket arm瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱万拱long arm慢拱厢拱regular arm令拱单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作平身科b

10、racket sets between columns补间铺作角科bracket set on corner转角铺作出extension of bracket出跳跳tiao雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版木装修joiners work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window si

11、ll 支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙h

12、orizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石台阶steps踏道踏垛step踏斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座

13、xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade单钩栏single frieze balustrade垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版地伏 plinth stone 寻杖 handrail 柱顶石 capital stone 柱础 column base 踬 zhi 碑碣 stone

14、 tablet 赑屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语 石像生 stone animal 石人 stone human statue 筒瓦 round tile 板瓦 flat tile 青瓦 black tile 脊瓦 ridge tile 琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile 勾头 eave tile 滴水 drip tile 瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern 正吻 zhengwen 鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语 正脊 main ridge 垂脊 diagonal ridge fo

15、r hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof 博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人 celestial being 走兽 animal 砖雕 brick carving 彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing 苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern 旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern 和玺彩画 dragons pattern 天花彩画 ceiling pattern 箍头 end portion of painted beam 藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心 central portion of painted beam 点金 gold pointing 退晕 color change 沥粉 embossed painting 贴金 gold foil painting