高考阅读理解之猜测词义文档格式.docx

1、The underlined word “” in the second（third） paragraph refers to（means） _.By saying “” in the first（second） paragraph, the author means that _.The meaning of “” in paragraph is related to _.Which of the following has the closest meaning to（paragraph）?The underlined sentence in the paragraph probably

2、means that _.Which of the following words can take the place of the word.? What is the meaning ofas the words are used in the text?Which of the following has the closest meaning to.（paragraph.）?According to the passage, the word “” properly means _.The word .could best be replaced by_.二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这

3、种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealin

4、g 以明确的定义，即“退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.从后面that is（也就是说）的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。【考例】（2009福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words “tipping points” m

5、ost probably refer to “_”.A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in G

6、reenland or West Antarctica. 根据后一句的such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.可知tipping points的意思是“融点”。（2007山东卷，C篇）65.The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _. A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable 【解析】A。请看文章第一段：When Andrea

7、Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. 由后半句的解释“with almost no money for equipme

8、nt or supplies”可知此项任务不可能是“interesting”或“creative”，而她的教学工作也与“unbearable”无关，故A项正确。2、根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。We are on

9、the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m. this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。The “Chunnel”, a tunnel（隧道） connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。（2004上海卷，C篇）82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is

10、used to describe the phenomenon that_.A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobsC. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success【解析】B。Withou

11、t examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favourtism will replace equality.破折号后的句子是对前面进行解释说明的，二者是同位关系，因此要猜测favourtism的意思可从前面句子的意思入手。答案为B。3、根据构词法（合成、派生、转化等）进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识

12、，就不难猜出它的词义。“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and theyre very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-（相互的）和active（活动的，活跃的）而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fift

13、y years. But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。（2008全国卷，B篇）62. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something _.A. that people enjoy eating B. that is always presentC. that is difficult to get D. that people use as a gift请看文章原句：The

14、 new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.从文章意思可知，这种新型菠萝很畅销，当然成为了健康饮食人士购物筐中的常客。另外根据构词知识可知，该词的词根是fix，含有“固定”之意。4、根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。The lack of movement caused the muscles to wea

15、ken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many

16、 of lifes doors will remain forever closed.”学生认为考试分数低就不可能进入一所好大学，而没有“名校”的毕业文凭，将来生活中的很多大门可能就会对他们永远关闭。由此推知A prestigious university应是a famous university（名校）。（2009北京卷，C篇） 66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _. A. the problem is not approached step by step B. the researc

17、hers so far have faults in themselvesC. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns【解析】D。句意猜测题。由前面一句“We have a very limited number of studies”可知，由于研究的对象非常有限，所以对于房间设计影响人们的工作和情绪这一现象只是“管中窥豹”，局限性太强。紧跟后面一句“How do you take answ

18、ers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them?”做了进一步说明，房间设计影响居住者工作和情绪这一理论正确与否还有待进一步验证。（2009安徽卷，B篇） 60. The words “boats on land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to _A. animals for taking goods B. creatures for pulling plowsC. treasures of the folk culture D. tools in the far

19、ming economyOf course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats on land” for their ability to carry loads.由划线词后原因的解释for their ability to carry loads可以很轻松的得到结果：牛被看做“陆地之舟”，是一种运输货物的动物。5、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时

20、代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion （捍卫） found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper（雨刷） an angry no

21、te intended for someone else: “Whys your car HERE at HER place?” them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines。However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.it指的是月球人（moon people）所问的问题（the question）。（2009四川卷，E篇） 5

22、8. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_”. A. the energy benefit B. the forest loss C. climate change D. burning ethanol Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so f

23、ar that it might not help. 燃烧乙醇带来的能源方面的好处可能会弥补失去森林的损失，但是到那时，气候的变化已经太大，“这”也于事无补了。由此判断，it指前面提到的the energy benefit。（2009安徽卷，E篇） 73. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?A. We will lose much more than we can gain.B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.C. People have

24、a strong desire for resources.D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.this指代前文提到的“but we will suffer much more than we will benefit”，意思是“砍伐森林带来短期利益，但是从长远来看，我们遭受的损失远大于获得的利益”。因此选择A项。（2009 浙江卷，A篇） 42. What does the underlined phrase “her gift” （Paragraph 2） refer to?A. Her words. B. Her s

25、mile. C. Her flowers. D. Her politeness. She smiled. It was a nice smile warm and reassuringand I retuned her gift by smiling back. 从前句话中可以知道her gift 指的是“smile”。6、根据同义关系进行猜测当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was n

26、ever able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使陷入危险，危及、危害”。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking

27、as harmful. 句中detrimental是个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。（2009重庆卷，B篇）62. What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to?A. Ways that help one to focus. B. Words that help one to feel less tense.C. Activities that turn ones attention away.D. Habits that make it hard

28、for one to relax.【解析】C。When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies.由前面的other可知distractions是与第一句意思基本相同，第一句话表达的是让人注意力分散的事情，结合上下文可知 答案为C。（2009天津卷，A篇）37. What does the underlined phrase “die ha

29、rd” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly.Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continu

30、es to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. 根据下文“the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost”可知前后是同义关系，die hard意思是“顽固”，同D项意义接近。7、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。She is usually prompt for all her