Unit 4Book 4Word文档格式.docx

1、Ticket inspector!I dont understandTheyre gonna have to introduce conscription（征兵）Theyre gonna have to take away my prescriptions If they want to get me making toys If they want to get me, Ive got no choice Career Career opportunities are the ones that never knockOh, no2. Difficult Sentences1） （LL69）

2、 In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but a labourer today can rightly be called a wage slave. Why does the author call a labourer a wage slave?（=The author calls a labourer a wage sl

3、ave because a labourers social value depends on the money he is paid. To a labourer, the job that society offers him is of no interest to him. He is compelled to take it because he has to earn a living and support his family. ）What is the implied meaning of this sentence?（=Just like slaves in the pa

4、st, labourers are compelled to do jobs that they dont really enjoy. As a result, the only difference between a labourer and a slave is that one is paid while the other is not. ）2） （LL1720） A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point o

5、f view of society is necessary labour is from his own point of view voluntary play. What does “voluntary play” mean in this context?（=“Voluntary play” in the context means the job one enjoys doing. ）3） （LL2225） The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a

6、 mental job; a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a labourer. What can we infer from this sentence?（=According to the author, whether one is a worker or a labourer does not depend on the kind of job he or she does but on whether he or she really enjoys doing the job. Therefore, a ga

7、rdener or a cobbler may be a worker if he is interested in his job, while a bank clerk is a labourer if he is bored with his job.）4） （LL2830） He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of heart attacks and forget their wives birthdays. Why is a worker likely to

8、 take too little leisure?（=Because to a worker, leisure means simply the time he needs to relax and rest in order to work more efficiently.）Translate this sentence into Chinese.（所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。工作者可能会死于心脏病，并会忘记自己妻子的生日。）5） （LL4447） It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majo

9、rity of the population, that is to say, its labourers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. Paraphrase this sentence.（=We can already imagine a world where the majority of the workforce have as much leisure time as the upper classes used to have in the

10、 past.）（已经可以想象出这样一个社会：其人口的大多数，也就是其中的劳动者们，将会享受到早期贵族们才能享受到的几乎同样多的休闲。6） （LL4749） When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. What does this sentence imply?（=If todays labourers who have almost as much leisure time as aristocracies in the past, should k

11、ill their time by indulging in dangerous and meaningless activities, it would have a great negative impact on society. With such a prospect in mind, one cannot but feel worried.）7） （LL4951） Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it

12、was for aristocracies.（=的确，在未来这样一个大众社会里，人们要解决“无聊”这个问题，也许比过去的贵族们要困难得多。8） （LL5355） The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. （=Unlike the aristocracy, ordinary people spend too much leisure time

13、following fashions that change frequently in the economic interest of certain people. ）9） （LL5760） For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. （=Unlike aristocrac

14、ies, labourers cannot afford activities like gambling, dueling, and warfare, yet they may easily find similar amusements available in the modern society by spending their excessive leisure time in driving dangerously, taking drugs, or committing senseless acts of violence. ）10） （LL6063） Workers seld

15、om commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. Why do you think workers can put their aggression into their work?（=Workers usually enjoy what they are doing, so they are

16、willing to spend most of their time and energy on their jobs. As they are bent on their work, the aggressiveness inside themselves, if any, would naturally turn into the motivation and determination to do their jobs well. ）（=工作者很少从事暴力活动，他们可以把自己的“敌对心理”用在工作上，不管是工匠的体力活，还是科学家、艺术家的脑力活。3. Words and Expres

17、sions1） （L2） define: vt. state, show or explain clearly*New times define new challenges.*Please listen carefully while I define your duties.*When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble.把“幸福”界定为“拥有很多钱”是错误的。（= Its wrong to define “happiness” as “owing lots of mo

18、ney”. ）2） （L4） compel: vt. 1. force or oblige*You can compel obedience, but not affection.*You cannot compel good work from unwilling students.A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance.2. inspire*Her intelligence and skill compel universal admiration.cf.

19、 compel, force, constrain, & oblige 这些动词均含“迫使”之意。compel 指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。force 指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。constrain 侧重施加约束力或有约束作用的影响，也指环境对人强加的影响迫使人去做某事，尤指受良心、情感等内在力量驱使去做某事。oblige 指由于生理上或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫做出的反应。（Directions:） Fill in the blanks with the words abo

20、ve. Change the form where necessary.1. He felt _ to leave after such an unpleasant quarrel. （=obliged）2. Wealth is a power usurped by the few, to _ the many to labour for their benefit. （=compel）3. Im by the need to care for my mother. （=constrained）4. Survivors of the gas explosion are much _ to th

21、e public for their concern and donations. （=obliged）5. They the child into obedience. （=forced）3） （L6） in the strict sense: in the most limited meaning*In the strict sense, it is not a piece of classical music.*In the strict sense, the help-the-poor program was put forward and on a large scale only

22、after the initiation of the reform and opening-up. Collocations:in a sense 在某种意义上in the literal sense 就字面上而言in the full sense 就全面的角度而言in the broad sense 从广义的角度而言4） （L7） abolish: vt. bring to an end by law; stop*Slavery was abolished in England in the 19th century.Modern educators have for the most p

23、art abolished corporal punishment.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.*我们应该废止种族隔离一事愈来愈受到重视。（=There is growing recognition that we should abolish segregation.）cf. abolish, cancel & repeal这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意abolish正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或

24、习俗。例如：In my opinion, such corrupt practices should be abolished. 依我看，这些陋习应当废除。cancel用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。If it rains, let our engagement be cancelled. 如果下雨，就取消我们的约会吧。repeal书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。The legislation was repealed five months later.5） （L20） voluntary: a. acting or done willingl

25、y, without being forced*Charities rely on voluntary donations.*She does voluntary social work.*Collocations:voluntary clinic 免费诊所*voluntary coordination 自发性协调*voluntary association 自愿结合*voluntary agreement 无偿协议voluntary labour 义务劳动voluntary agency 志愿机构，志愿团体voluntary assistance 义务援助voluntary contribu

26、tion 自愿捐款6） （L21） classify: vt. arrange in classes or groups*Whales are classified as mammals, not fish.*We usually classify types of character as good or bad.人们将油腻的薯条、洋芋片以及汉堡归类为垃圾食物。（=People classify greasy French fries, potato chips and hamburgers as junk food. ） Local government is actively takin

27、g measures to collect, classify and dispose of garbage left in scenic spots to prevent pollution.cf. organize, categorize, classify & sort 这些动词均含“按一定规则加以组织、分类”之意。organize 指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体。categorize 强调贴标签于某物上并将其分类，或分列入目录中。classify 指按照事物类型、质量或相似点进行分类。sort 通常指根据类型或分类进行挑选。1. The books in the librar

28、y are _ to subjects. （=classified）2. Please _ out the things you want to keep and throw everything else away. （=sort）3. She was the first to the work in this way. （=organize）4. He was as a trouble-maker. （=categorized）5. Natural resources can be as renewable and nonrenewable ones. （=classified）7） （L22） undertake: vt. make oneself responsible for; agree;