1、以-f或-fe 结尾的 名词多数将-f和-fe变v加 -es-ves读/vz/wife-wives妻子leaf leaves 树叶shelf-shelves 架子knife - knives 小刀wolf-wolves 狼thief thieves 贼/小偷half-halves半life lives 生命记忆口诀:妻子用树架小刀将贼和狼劈成2半结束它们的生命以元音字 母+ y结 尾的名词 (a,e,i, o,u)直接加-s-s 读 /z/boy-boys 男孩day-days 天monkey monkeys 猴子holiday holidays 假日toy-toys玩具 key-keys钥匙
2、/答案男孩和猴子天天在节假日玩玩具和钥匙以辅音字 母+ y结 尾的非专 有名词a,e,i ,o, u变y为i 再加esbaby babies婴儿/宝贝story stories 故事factory-factories 工厂city-cities城市library-libraries图书馆family-families家庭hobby-hobbies业余爱好以辅音字 母 + 0结 尾的名词一般加 -es-es 读/z/Negro-Negroes黑人hero heroes英雄tomato tomatoes西红柿potato potatoes土豆mango-mangoes芒果黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿,土豆
3、还有芒果以元音字 母 + 0结 尾的以及外来名词加-s-s 读/z/zoo - zoos 动物园photo-photos照片kangaroo-kangaroos袋鼠bamboo bamboos竹子radio radios收音机piano-pianos钢琴(动物园)(照片)中的(袋鼠)可以用(竹子)听(收音机)和弹(钢琴)单复数同形名词保持不变deer-deer鹿sheep-sheep绵羊fish-fish鱼people-people人/人们Chinese-Chinese 中国人English英国人Japanese-Japanese 日本人Vietnamese- Vietnamese 越南人Sw
4、iss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人Lebanese黎巴嫩人草原上吃草两种动物:鹿和绵羊水里游的鱼;中日英 三国家人;越,瑞,葡,黎 4四国家人表示某国人名词的复数直接加shuman-humans(人,人类)German-Germans(德国人)Russian-Russian(俄罗斯人)American-Americans(美国人)Italian-Italians(意大利人)Indian-Indians(印度人)Canadian-Canadians(加拿大)Australian-Australians(澳大)Swede-Swedes(瑞典人)人类/德国 俄,美,意,印,加,瑞 复数加S无连
5、字号复合名词以后面名词变复数规律保持一致mooncake-mooncakes(月饼)bookcase-bookcases(书橱)armchair-armchairs(轮椅)toothpick-toothpicks(牙签)housewife-housewives(家庭主妇)gentleman-gentlemen(绅士)bookshelf-bookshelves(书架)stopwatch-stopwatches(秒表)wineglass-wineglasses(酒杯)birthday-birthdays(生日)blackboard-blackboards(黑板)greenhouse-greenho
6、uses(温室)第一个名词是man,woman的复合名词两者都要变复数man teacher-men teachers(男老师)woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)男人/女人做定语修饰名词,两者都需要变复数以f,fe结尾特殊名词直接在词尾加sroof-roofs(屋顶)chiefchiefs(首领)serfserfs(农奴)reef-reefs(礁石/暗礁)hoof-hoofs(马蹄)cliff-cliffs(悬崖)gulfgulfs(海湾/鸿沟)belief-beliefs (信仰/信念)proof -proofs(证据)(屋顶)上的(首领)踩着(礁石)和(马蹄)带
7、领(农奴)在(悬崖)(鸿沟)上找到了(信仰)和(证据).改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加enman-men 男人woman-women女人ox-oxen 牛childchildren(孩子们)goose-geese 鹅tooth-teeth牙齿foot-feet 脚mouse-mice老鼠loues-lice寄生虫basis-bases(基础)(将i 变为e)(男人/女人a 该e)(牛孩子们加en/ren)(老鼠寄生将 m,l后面改为ice)英语名词单数变复数主要有以下规则: 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读s
8、,结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例:friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。统一加读iz。busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes box boxes; watch watches; actress actresses; class classes; coach(长途车) coaches; dress dresses; sandwich sandwiches; to
9、othbrush toothbrushes; waitress(女侍者) waitresses 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。加读z。candycandies; daisy(雏菊)daisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories strawberry strawberries; baby babies; puppy puppies; library libraries; dictionary dictionaries; cherry cherries; activity activities 四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是
10、外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。 (有生命的加es,无生命的加s) tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedo(鱼雷)torpedoes; bingo(彩票式游戏)bingoes 反例:silo(青贮塔)silos; pianopianos(外来词); photophotos; macro(宏指令,计机算语言)macros(缩写词) 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。尾音f改读vz。knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staff(员工)staves; scarf(围巾)
11、scarves 目前搜集的直接加s:roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾)-gulfs, serf(农奴)-serfs, safe-safes,chief(负责人)-chiefs 这几个可变可不变: scarf-scarfs,handkerchief- handkerchiefs 六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。尾音Es改读ai,其中kEs要改读为sai,gEs要改读为dVai。fungus(真菌)fungi; abacus(算盘)abaci; focus(焦点)foci; cactus(仙人掌)cacti; cestus(
12、拳击用的牛皮手套)cesti 七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。尾音is改读i:z。axis(轴线)axes; basisbases; naris(鼻孔)nares; hypothesis(假设)hypotheses; restis(索状体)restes 八、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。尾音iks改读isi:matrix(矩阵)matrices; directrix(准线)directrices; calix(杯状窝,盏)calices; appendix(阑尾)appendices 反例:affix(粘住,使固定)affixes 九、以-um结
13、尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。去掉鼻尾音m。forum(论坛)fora; stadium(体育场)stadia; aquarium(水族鱼缸)aquaria; datum(数据)data; vacuum(真空,空虚)vacua 十、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。尾音E改读i:。larva(昆虫的幼虫)larvae; formula(公式)formulae; ala(翼)alae; media(媒介)mediae; hydra(九头蛇,水螅)hydrae 十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。保持原音。fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer;
14、 salmon(蛙、三文鱼、大马哈)salmon cannon cannon; trout trout(鳟鱼) 十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。没有规律。manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen foot feet; goose geese; mouse mice; tooth teeth; datum data数据 十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词:oxoxen; brother(用于教堂)brethren 十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词 analysisanalyses分析; basisb
15、ases基础; datumdata数据; footfeet;formula公式formulae/formulas; goosegeese; louse虱子lice; manmen mousemice; mediummedia/mediums媒介; emorandummemoranda/memorandums备忘录; parenthesisparentheses 圆括号; phenomenonphenomena现象; radiusradii 半径 toothteeth; womanwomen 十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的 deer; fish; cannon(大炮); sheep; salm
16、on 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼 十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词 absence; clothing;film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar; traffic交通 十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资 十八、compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示 daughter-in-lawda
17、ughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父 man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; maid-servantmaid-servants 女仆tep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law 女婿 十九、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 二十、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思, goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼 二十一、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、
18、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 二十二、合成词单复数变化规则 1)以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。例如:homework, newspaper等。?2)以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。woman doctorwomen doctors, man waitermen waiters. 3)以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时,把名词变复数。fath -er?in?lawfathers?law.?4)以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时,在词尾加s。gr
19、own?up ups, stand?bystand?bys.?二十三、集合名词单复数变化 有些名词为单数形式,但做整体概念来看待,称为集合名词或集体名词,如:people police cattle,其谓语动词一般用复数。有些名词为单数形式,做整体概念来看待时,谓语动词用单数。强调整体中具体人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。如:class, family, audience, committee, army.【例句】?1) The class are doing experiments on heat and light in the lab.?2) A large class is like a
20、big banquet, which requires a teacher to make full pr eparation and have good performance. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
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