教师应该如何指导学生培养自主学习能力Word文档格式.docx

1、1.1.1 Definition of autonomous learning 81.1.2 Features of autonomous learning 81.1.3 Current research of autonomous learning and the educational theory 81.2 The Repositioning of Teachers and Students in Autonomous Learning 91.2.1 Teachers in autonomous learning 9（1）Teachers should help students to

2、set up the concept of learning autonomy 9（2）Changes of teachers roles in English teaching 91.2.2 Students in autonomous learning 10（1）Students should have the sense of participation 10（2）Students should have the spirit of cooperation 10Chapter Specific Implementary Methods Of Cultivating Students Au

3、tonomous Learning Ability In English 92.1 Cultivating learning interests and intensifying learning motivation 122.2 Teaching students to set learning targets and plan 132.3 Instructing students to arrange time reasonably 142.4 Training students to master autonomous learning strategies 142.4.1 Learni

4、ng contents-to learn by students themselves 152.4.2 Problems in study-to realize and solve by students themselves 162.5 Instructing students to do self-evaluation 162.5.1 Training students to evaluate their learning attitude 162.5.2 Training students to evaluate their learning methods 17Conclusion 1

5、8Bibliography 20Acknowledgement 。How should the teachers instruct students to cultivate autonomous learning ability Teaching Chinas Ministry of Education issued a new junior high school English curriculum standards which clearly states,” We should guide students to adjust their learning styles, impr

6、ove their self-learning and cooperative learning ability so that they can foster a life-long ability to learn. We must focus on students autonomous development, all-round development and sustainable development, taking students as the main body and advocating the student-centered teaching mode, so a

7、s to promote the development of students innovation ability and practice ability. Especially with the unceasing development and perfection of education, the emphasis on language teaching has transformed from the language knowledge teaching into student-centered skills and ability training, namely to

8、 develop learners autonomy, so it seems to be particularly important to cultivate students autonomy.Autonomous learning is a school of education which sees learners as individuals who can and should be autonomous. Autonomous education helps students develop their self-consciousness, vision, practica

9、lity and freedom of discussion. These attributes serve to aid the students in their independent learning.Keywords: Junior High School English Teaching，Autonomous learning ，Learning motivation ，Learning strategies 内容摘要 我国教育部2007年颁布的初中英语新课程标准明确提出，“我们应该引导学生调整学习方式，提高他们的自主学习和合作学习的能力，使他们具有终身学习的能力；要着眼于学生的自

10、主发展、全面发展和可持续发展，倡导以学生为主体、以学生为中心的教学模式，促进学生的创新能力和实践能力的发展”。尤其随着当今教育事业的不断深入发展，语言教学的重点从侧重语言知识的教学转为以学生为中心的技能和能力训练，培养学习者的自主性显得尤为重要。自主学习是一种以人本主义心理学和认知心理学为基础的现代学习理念，它强调学生在学习中的主体性。自主学习的主要目标是培养学生自主学习的自信和情趣，树立积极、独立思考的学习态度，提高自力、自我调适能力，形成自主学习的良好习惯和品质，促成学生的自主发展。人本主义教学思想家罗杰斯主张以学生为中心组织教学；认知建构理论主要是指学生在自己已有的知识结构的基础上，通过

11、意义建构的方式获得知识的过程；前苏联教育家维果斯基所提出的最近发展区理论实际上是对介于学习者凭借自己实力所能达到的水平（如学业成就）和经别人给予协助后所可能达到的水平作以划分，两种水平之间有一段差距即为最近发展区，把握“最近发展区”，能加速学生的自我发展。关键词：初中英语教学 自主学习 学习动机 学习策略Introduction1. Research Purposes The aim of this research is to integrate the cultivation of the students learning autonomy and English teaching th

12、rough independent study of the autonomous learning theory, and to explore ways of training students self-study ability in the process of teaching so as to help students to improve their learning strategies and English learning ability. At the same time, teachers should propose their own views that a

13、re related to the problems appeared in the process of teaching.2. Research Significance Full-time compulsory education ordinary junior middle school English curriculum standards （2007） states that the key point of the curriculum reform is to initiate the learning mode of experience, practice, partic

14、ipation, cooperation and communication, and to advocate ask-based teaching approach so as to develop students integrated language skills; to make students cultivate a positive emotion attitudes toward study, thinking actively and being bold in practice; to improve students consciousness of culture a

15、nd to form autonomous learning ability. 3. Statement of the problems At present, the traditional teacher-centered approach is generally used in English language teaching, which pays too much attention to the accumulation of students knowledge. There is imbalance in the research of cultivating studen

16、ts autonomous learning ability in different eras, especially for the middle school English language teaching, it is almost a blank space and need to be studied intensively. Students at different ages have great diversity in the aspects of metacognition knowledge and metacognition control, especially

17、 for the middle school students, their self-control and self-management ability is not strong. Ordinarily, they just receive the knowledge from the teachers mechanically, and seldom analyses and settle the knowledge by themselves. Furthermore, different courses have their own characteristic, then di

18、versified ways and measures should be used to cultivate students autonomous learning ability. English is a special course, and we must cultivate students self-awareness of autonomous learning, raise their interest in English, and then make them obtain the ability of self-learning. So the research of

19、 cultivating students autonomous learning ability should be carried out in stages and subjects, but there are very few middle school teachers to do the research according to the practical situation, such as different years of age, different courses, students from different places, and different teac

20、hing environment, by combining the process of deep theory study and practice. There are just more theory studies done by the experts in colleges and universities.Herein, the author carries out the research below of cultivating students autonomous learning ability in junior middle school English teac

21、hing from the standpoint of instructing:（1Whats the current situation about autonomous learning of junior high school students?（2Whats the main problems of junior high school students autonomous learning?（3How should the teachers instruct students to cultivate autonomous learning ability ?Chapter Li

22、terature Review 1.1 Theoretical Bases of Autonomous Learning in English 1.1.1 Definition of autonomous learning Behaviorist psychologists think that autonomous learning includes three parts: self-control, self-instruction, and self-strengthening. But modern learning theorists propose that autonomous

23、 learning should be defined in eight dimensions: learning motivation, learning contents, learning methods, learning time, learning process, learning results, learning environment, and the sociality of learning . If the students can make autonomous choices and control themselves in the eight dimensio

24、ns, then they are thought to be autonomous. Zimmerman in City University of New York （1994）, a famous American expert of autonomous learning, puts forward a systematic research framework of autonomous learning. He thinks students study is autonomous when they are in good condition in all the three a

25、spects of matacognition, motivation, and behavior. That is to say that in the aspect of matacognition, the students with autonomous learning ability can plan and organize the different tasks in different stages during the process of learning, and they can conduct self-construction, self-control and

26、self-evaluation; in the aspect of motivation they regard themselves as capable, effective, and self-control people and they have adequate confidence to accomplish learning tasks. Whats more their learning motivation could be strengthened by experiencing the efficiency of success; in the aspect of be

27、havior they can choose, organize, change, and innovate their ways of study so as to reach the maximum learning efficiency. 1.2 The Repositioning of Teachers and Students in Autonomous Learning 1.2.1 Teachers in autonomous learning （1）Teachers should help students to set up the concept of learning au

28、tonomy In teaching independent study, teachers should hold the people-oriented and student-centered concept , respect students main body position and put the ideas into the planning and organizing of the daily teaching activities, cultivating and improving students independent ability. In teaching c

29、ontents and ways , teachers should use different and appropriate methods to treat the individual differences so as to make every student get the utmost care and progress.s roles in English teachingIn autonomous teaching environment, teachers must change their traditional way of thinking and realize

30、their diversified roles objectively. They should help students to develop the following abilities: determining learning targets, choosing learningcontents and schedule, cultivating leaning methods and strategies, monitoring learning process and evaluating the results. 1.2.2 Students in autonomous le

31、arning （1）Students should have the sense of participation Dewey once put forward the idea of learning by doing, and people always recommend Nothing is more important than participation. Only by practice can we know whether we are capable or not, understanding their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore participation is not only taking part in the procedure of learning activities but also the standards of inspecting our knowledge. By participating diverse activities, the students can feel different kinds of sent